丘陵茶园自动喷药装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of automatic spraying device in the tea garden of hilly and mountainous areas

作　　者：邓兴旭 叶芙蓉 张涛 唐兴隆[2] 庞有伦[2] 林通 陈宇 罗书强[1] DENG Xingxu;YE Furong;ZHANG Tao;TANG Xinglong;PANG Youlun;LIN Tong;CHEN Yu;LUO Shuqiang(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业科学院农业机械研究所,重庆401329

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第5期268-276,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：重庆市社会民生科技创新专项项目(cstc2016shmszx80007);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2019jxj100002)。

摘　　要：为实现丘陵山区茶园自动化喷药,解决目前丘陵茶园自动化程度低、药液浪费严重和大中型装置无法进入等问题,设计了一种茶园自动喷药装置。根据丘陵山区茶园实际条件,对自动喷药装置的主要零部件进行结构设计及理论分析,装置采用水平方向和45°角方向喷射的喷药模式,结合超声波测距模块自动对靶,实现喷头与茶树冠表层之间位置的定位,并计算得到喷杆长度为1.1 m,单侧喷杆上设置3个喷头,喷头间距为0.5 m。喷药控制系统以STC89C52作为微控制器,运用C语言编程实现对喷杆喷药距离的自动调节和对电机和电磁阀的控制。选取冠层梯度、喷雾高度和行走速度为试验因素,以雾滴沉积密度为性能指标进行正交试验,结果表明:冠层梯度对雾滴沉积密度有极显著影响(P<0.001),喷雾高度和行走速度对其影响不显著(P>0.05),对雾滴沉积密度的影响程度从大到小依次为冠层梯度、喷雾高度、行驶速度,不同冠层梯度下各点位雾滴平均沉积密度均大于26个·cm^(2),满足喷幅界定的20个·cm^(2)要求。The purpose of this study was to design an automatic spraying device for tea garden in hilly and mountainous areas to solve the problems of low automation,serious waste of liquid medicine and inaccessibility of large and medium-sized devices.Based on the actual conditions of tea gardens,the structural design and theoretical analysis of the main parts of the automatic spraying device were carried out.The device adopted a spraying mode of horizontal line and 45°angle direction,combing with the ultrasonic ranging module to automatically target to achieve positioning between the nozzle and the surface layer of the tea crown.The length of the spray bar was calculated to be 1.1 m,and three nozzles were on one side of the spray bar,with a nozzle spacing of 0.5 m.The spraying control system took STC89 C52 as the microcontroller and used C language programming to realize the automatic adjustment of the spraying distance of the spray rod,as well as the control of the motor and solenoid valve.Taking canopy gradient,spray height and walking speed as experimental factors,the droplet deposition density was used as the performance index to conduct orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the canopy gradient had a extremely significant effect on droplet deposition density(P<0.001),but spray height and walking speed had no significant effect on it(P>0.05).The effect on droplet deposition density was from big to small in order of canopy gradients.The average droplet deposition density at each point of different canopy gradients was greater than 26·cm^(2),meeting the requirements of spray size definition of 20·cm^(2).

关 键 词：茶园 自动喷药装置 雾滴沉积密度 丘陵山区 

分 类 号：S224.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]