农村土地经营权流转审查审核的立法定位  

The Legislative Orientation of Review and Audit of the Circulation of the Management Right of Rural Land

作　　者：谭贵华[1] Tan Guihua

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学中国农村经济法制创新研究中心

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2022年第1期187-203,共17页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“土地经营权入股的风险管控与制度构造研究”(19BFX148)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2018年修正的《农村土地承包法》规定县级以上地方人民政府应当建立社会资本流转取得土地经营权的资格审查、项目审核制度。该法对审查审核的性质未予明确,各方认知并不统一,这不利于制度细则的构建与实践。立足政策推动和探索实践情况,结合《行政许可法》有关“可以设定”和“可以不设”行政许可的规定加以综合分析,将土地经营权流转审查审核设定为行政许可是妥适和务实的选择。在立法上,可重点将不得改变土地的农业用途、受让方具有相应的农业经营能力或资质、不得破坏农业综合生产能力和农业生态环境设置为该项行政许可的条件。当事人未经审查审核而径行签订流转合同,开展流转活动,可依法给予行政处罚并认定合同无效。The Law of the Rural Land Contracting(2018)stipulates that local people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish a system of qualification review and project audit for social capital to obtain the management right of rural land through circulation.However,the vagueness on the nature of the review and audit has hindered the construction and practice of system rules.In consideration of the policy promotion and the practice of exploration and the provisions of administrative license"can be set up"and"cannot be set up"in the Administrative License Law,it is an appropriate and pragmatic choice to set the review and audit as an administrative license.In the legislation,it is possible to set as the conditions of the administrative license that the agricultural use of the land shall not be altered,the transferee shall have the corresponding agricultural operation capacity or qualification,and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and agricultural ecological environment shall not be destroyed.Where a party enters into a circulation contract without review and audit and carries out circulation activities,it may be subject to administrative punishment and the contract shall be deemed invalid according to law.

关 键 词：土地经营权 社会资本 审查审核 行政许可 行政备案 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学]