饲料中添加玉米淀粉对稻田养殖黄沙鳖生长性能的影响  

The Effet of Corn Starch on the Growth Performance and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Soft-shelled Turtle in the Fish-rice Co-culture System

作　　者：何金钊 冯鹏霏 覃定彪 周大颜 李华 陈子桂 马华威 HE Jinzhao;FENG Pengfei;QIN Dingbiao;ZHOU Dayan;LI Hua;CHEN Zigui;MA Huawei(Aquaculture Diversion and Breeding Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning,Jiangsu 530031,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science,Nanning,Jiangsu 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心,广西壮族自治区南宁530031 [2]广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院,水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁530021

出　　处：《水产养殖》2022年第6期10-16,共7页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD18294012);南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20192061)。

摘　　要：为提高稻田养殖黄沙鳖的生长性能和营养需求,研究了黄沙鳖[湿体质量(91.87±8.67)g/只]对小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、α-淀粉3种糖源需求的选择策略。将3种糖源配制成对应的等氮等能的半纯化饲料。结果发现,经14周喂养,玉米淀粉组的质量增加率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(FER)显著高于其他糖源,各糖源的肥满度(K)不显著(P>0.05),α-淀粉组的肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VIS)最高;玉米淀粉组的肌肉和肝的粗蛋白含量为最高,小麦淀粉组的肌肉和肝的粗脂肪含量为最高;α-淀粉组的肌糖原和肝糖原显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);α-淀粉组的血液甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量与肌体、血液的糖源水平呈正相关。3种糖源对消化酶和肝己糖激酶(HK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)活性影响显著(P<0.05),而对肝丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性影响不显著(P>0.05)。指出,玉米淀粉促进鳖生长效果最佳,可作为饲料添加糖源。Sugar source is the main energy source of animal growth. which can improve the growth performance and supply nutrition demand of Pelodiscus sinensis in rice field. This experiment studied the selection strategy of Huangsha soft-shelled turtle [wet weight(91.87±8.67) g] for wheat starch, corn starch and α-starch. Three sources of sugar are prepared into semi-purified feed with equivalent nitrogen. It was found that the weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR), feed efficiency(FE) and protein efficiency(FER) in corn starch were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and K values among three treatments is not significant(P>0.05). with the highest liver ratio(HSI) and dirty ratio(VIS) were detected in α-starch. The muscle and liver of corn starch had the highest content of crude protein, and the highest content of crude fat was found in the wheat starch. The contents of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen in the α-starch were significantly higher than in other groups(P<0.05). Blood triglycerides(TG) and total cholesterol(T-CHO) levels in the α-starch were positively associated with sugar levels in the body and blood. Three sugar sources have significant effects on digestive enzymes and hepatic hexose kinase(HK), phosphoenol pyruvate kinase(PEPCK) activity(P<0.05), and not on hepatic pyruvate ketase(PK), phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase(PEPC) activity(P>0.05). The results show that corn starch has the best effect on promoting turtle growth and can be used as a sugar source for feed.

关 键 词：黄沙鳖 糖源 生长性能 糖代谢 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]