语法化对汉字变异的影响  

The Evolution of Chinese Grammar and Its Impacts on the Writing System

作　　者：石毓智[1] 王统尚[2] Shi Yuzhi;Wang Tongshang

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学中文系,119260 [2]武汉大学文学院,430072

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第3期53-67,共15页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：中国国家留学基金委青年骨干项目(编号:201706275102)的资助。

摘　　要：本文主要探讨语法化导致汉字形体变异的规律。实词的语法化涉及语音的简化、词义的虚化和新语法功能的获得,这些因素都会影响到汉字形体的变化。一个实词演化成新语法标记后,为了区别于其原来的实词用法,汉语使用者采用以下两种办法来记录该语法标记:一是寻找一个业已存在生僻字来标识,结果导致汉字假借现象;二是创造一个新的汉字,这是汉字形体增加的原动力之一。由于汉字这种书写系统有自身的独特性质,从而形成汉语语法化的语言特色。It is evident that the evolution of Chinese grammar has exerted profound influences on the writing system. Typically, the grammaticalization of a lexical item results in phonological reduction, semantic bleaching, and grammatical function acquirement, all of which could alter the related Chinese characters. In order to formally distinguish a newly-emerged marker from its lexical source, people employed the following methods to record the grammatical markers: to choose rarely-used and old characters, which are honetically approximate but semantically unrelated, resulting in loan characters;and to create brand-new Chinese characters. Chinese has a unique writing system. Hence linguistic features of Chinese grammaticalization are resulted in.

关 键 词：语法化 汉字变异 语音简化 语义虚化 视觉区别特征 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语] H12