“莫之或欺”之“或”再释  

Re-elucidation of“Huò(或)”in“Mòzhīhuòqī(莫之或欺)”

作　　者：谢荣娥[1] XieRonge

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,430074

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第3期120-128,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：本科质量工程项目国家级一流课程《古代汉语1》(编号:YLKCG19005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(编号:CSZ22009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对“莫之或欺”中的“或”,学界有不同解释。本文立足古代文献,探讨“或”的用法,尝试对“莫之或欺”中的“或”做出较为合理的解释。本文提出“莫”与“或”是古代汉语特有的无定代词,“或”为肯定性无定代词,“莫”是否定性无定代词,“莫”“或”连用,“或”起陪衬作用,取义时往往取“莫”之义。在先秦文献中,“莫”与“或”对举,为其连用奠定了基础。“莫”“或”连用构成韵律词,在形式上渐趋固化,中古之前“或莫”偶有出现,之后渐趋消失,“莫或”从先秦一直延用到民国时期。在句式中,代词“之”作宾语往往前置,多置于“莫”与“或”之间,偶置于“莫或”之后。由于“莫”作为否定性无定代词在现代汉语中消失,“莫或”也就没能在现代汉语中固化与保留。本文提出“莫之或欺”即“莫或欺之”,“或”为肯定性无定代词,与否定性无定代词“莫”构成韵律词,取“莫”之义,“或”起陪衬补充音节作用。“Huò(或)”in“mòzhīhuòqī(莫之或欺)”has different interpretations in academic circles.Based on ancient texts,the paper explores the use of“huò(或)”and attempts to make a more reasonable explanation of“huò(或)”in“mòzhīhuòqī(莫之或欺)”.It is proposed in the paper that“mò(莫)”and“huò(或)”are indefinite pronouns peculiar to ancient Chinese.“Huò(或)”is an affirmative indefinite pronoun,while“mò(莫)”a negative one.When used together,“huò(或)”is incidental and“mò(莫)”is central semantically.In the pre-Qin literature,“mò(莫)”and“huò(或)”were used in parallel structures,laying the foundation for their joint use.“Mò(莫)”and“huò(或)”were concatenated together to form a prosodic word,and gradually solidified in form.Before the middle ancient times,“huòmò(或莫)”appeared occasionally,and then gradually disappeared,but“mòhuò(莫或)”continued from the pre-Qin to the Republic of China period.Syntactically,the object served by the pronoun“zhī(之)”is often preposed,mostly between“mò(莫)”and“huò(或)”and occasionally after“mòhuò(莫或)”.Since“mò(莫)”disappeared from modern Chinese as a negative indefinite pronoun,“mòhuò(莫或)”has not been solidified and retained in modern Chinese.The paper proposes that“mòzhīhuòqī(莫之或欺)”actually is“mòhuòqīzhī(莫或欺之)”,in which“huò(或)”is an affirmative indefinite pronoun and constitutes a prosodic word with the negative indefinite pronoun“mò(莫)”,in which“mò(莫)”is the semantic center but“huò(或)”is incidental to the syllables.

关 键 词：莫之或欺 或 莫或 韵律词 再释 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]