Taphonomic characterisation of tooth marks of extinct Eurasian carnivores through geometric morphometrics  

基于几何形态测量学的亚欧大陆已灭绝食肉动物齿痕埋藏特征

作　　者：José Yravedra Lloyd Austin Courtenay Darío Herranz-Rodrigo Gonzalo Linares-Matás Juan JoséRodríguez-Alba Verónica Estaca-Gómez Carmen Luzón Alexia Serrano-Ramos MiguelÁngel Maté-González JoséAntonio Solano Diego González-Aguilera Juan Manuel Jiménez-Arenas 

机构地区：[1]Department of Prehistory,Ancient History and Archaeology,Complutense University of Madrid,Madrid 28040,Spain [2]C.A.I.Archaeometry and Archaeological Analysis,Complutense University,Madrid 28040,Spain [3]Grupo de Investigación Ecosistemas Cuaternarios,Complutense University,Madrid 28040,Spain [4]Grupo de Investigación Arqueología Prehistórica,Complutense University,Madrid 28040,Spain [5]Museo Primeros Pobladores de Europa‘Josep Gibert’,Orce 18858,Spain [6]Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering,Higher Polytechnic School of Avila,University of Salamanca,Avila 05003,Spain [7]School of Archaeology,St.Hugh’s College,University of Oxford,Oxford 01865,United Kingdom [8]History and Arts Doctoral Program,University of Granada,Granada 18071,Spain [9]Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía,Geodesia y Cartografía.Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,Madrid 28031,Spain [10]Department of Prehistory and Archaeology,University of Granada,Granada 18071,Spain

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2022年第16期1644-1648,M0003,M0004,共7页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported and authorized by the Junta de Andalucía,Consejería de Educación,Cultura y Deporte:Orce Research Project(BC.03.032/17);supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,with a FPI Predoctoral Grant(PRE2019-089411),associated to project(RTI2018-099850-B-I00);the University of Salamanca.Darío Herranz-Rodrigo was supported by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,under the contract REF(PEJ2019-005420-A)as part of the i+D+I Garantía Juvenil;Gonzalo Linares-Matás was supported by an AHRC-Baillie Gifford Doctoral Scholarship(AH/R012709/1)at the University of Oxford;Juan Manuel Jiménez-Arenas belongs to the Excellence Unit"Archaeometrical Studies.Inside the Artefacts and Ecofacts"(University of Granada)Junta the Andalucía FEDER Research Project REF(A-HUM-016UGR18);the Junta de Andalucía Research Group"HUM-607";the support of the TIDOP Research Group of the University of Salamanca。

摘　　要：Determining the cause and nature of the postmortem processes that living organisms experience is one of the main common issues faced by forensic experts,zooarchaeologists,palaeontologists,and other specialists.Carnivores are among the most destructive agents that can interact with a corpse,since their feeding behaviour can lead to very extensive alterations,complicating the diagnostic identification of which carnivore species was responsible for the death of an individual,a livestock unit,or the formation of a fossil assemblage.Even though some currently available techniques enable forensic experts to undertake a differential diagnosis of carnivore agency from corpse examination.确定动物遗骸状况的形成原因是法医学、考古学、古生物学与兽医学的主要研究方向之一.食肉动物因其进食习惯成为对尸体最具破坏力的群体之一.为识别Venta Micena3(奥尔赛,格拉纳达,西班牙)古生物遗址形成与变化过程中起决定作用的已灭绝食肉动物,本研究采用10个已灭绝有蹄类动物长骨骨干上的28处齿痕与483个现存食肉动物齿痕进行了比较.基于3D扫描成像技术,研究团队重建了28处有待识别齿痕,并为每份样本放置25个界标(landmarks),通过广义普氏分析法进行几何形态学分析.在进行多变量分析时,采用了主成分分析法.与此同时,运用机器学习(machine learning)算法对全部参与识别齿痕化石进行了分类预测,平均准确率为94%.研究证实20处齿痕来自鬣狗科动物,6处来自大型猫科动物,1处来自犬属动物,另有1处无法确定来源.本研究提供了由已灭绝食肉动物牙痕构成的研究样例.

关 键 词：几何形态测量学 埋藏特征 有蹄类动物 齿痕 几何形态学 机器学习 分类预测 多变量分析 

分 类 号：Q915.4[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]