大理石文物样品皮秒激光清洗实验研究  

Experimental research on cleaning of marble cultural relics based on picosecond laser

作　　者：王琮 刘瀚文 刘晓龙 胡文哲 张洪流 聂树真 李晨毓 曲亮[3,4] WANG Cong;LIU Hanwen;LIU Xiaolong;HU Wenzhe;ZHANG Hongliu;NIE Shuzhen;LI Chenyu;QU Liang(Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;School of Optoelectronics,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Conservation Standards Research Institute,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;China-Greece Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology,Beijing 10oo09,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大学光电学院,北京100094 [3]故宫博物院文物保护标准化研究所,北京100009 [4]中国-希腊文物保护技术“一带一路”联合实验室,北京100009

出　　处：《光学技术》2022年第4期427-432,共6页Optical Technique

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项资助(2020YFE0204600);中国科学院青年创新促进会资助(2021123)。

摘　　要：随着超快激光“冷加工”技术的发展,超快激光逐渐开始应用于文物保护领域。针对古城墙文物表面污染物清洗的应用需求,制作类城墙的大理石文物及表面污染物模拟样品,进行基于皮秒激光的文物样品清洗实验研究,并与纳秒激光清洗的效果进行对比。实验中采用共聚焦显微镜观测和荧光能谱仪成分分析等手段,改变激光输出能量,清洗次数和扫描速度等激光清洗参数,在不损伤大理石基底并综合考虑清洗效率和清洗效果基础上,寻找优化实验参数。实验发现皮秒激光清洗优化参数为激光功率18W,扫描速度1000mm/s,清洗次数8次。清洗后主要污染物硫元素占比下降94.57%,清洗后区域表面粗糙度为1.267μm。综合考虑清洗后污染物成分占比、表面粗糙度等方面,皮秒激光清洗大理石文物样品的整体效果优于纳秒激光清洗区域。With the development of ultrafast laser cold micromachining, ultrafast laser has been gradually investigated and applied on the protection of cultural relics. According to the application requirements of cleaning the surface pollutants of the ancient city wall cultural relics, the marble cultural relics and surface pollutant simulation samples of the city wall are made, and the experimental research on the cleaning of cultural relics samples based on picosecond laser is carried out, and the effect of nanosecond laser cleaning is compared. Confocal microscope observation and fluorescence spectrometer composition analysis were used in the experiment. Change the laser cleaning parameters such as laser output energy, cleaning times and scanning speed, on the basis of not damaging the marble substrate and comprehensively considering the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect, to optimize the experimental parameters. The experiment found that when the laser parameters are power 18 W, 1000 mm/s scanning speed, 8 times. After cleaning, the proportion of sulfur element decreased by 94.57%, and the surface roughness of the area after cleaning was 1.267μm. According to the proportion of pollutants after cleaning, the surface roughness, etc., the overall effect of picosecond laser cleaning marble cultural relics samples is better than that of using nanosecond laser.

关 键 词：激光清洗 皮秒激光器 大理石文物 文物保护 

分 类 号：TP394.1[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TH691.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]