口罩对呼吸实境颗粒物的防护及风险消减研究  

Protection and risk reduction of face masks against particulate matter based on real respiratory environment

作　　者：郭杰 李雪纯 徐梦瑶 胡钧哲 黄凯 GUO Jie;LI Xuechun;XU Mengyao;HU Junzhe;HUANG Kai(School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Xin Jinqiao Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201201,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海200093 [2]上海新金桥环保有限公司,上海201201

出　　处：《上海理工大学学报》2022年第4期333-342,共10页Journal of University of Shanghai For Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077383,41877468)。

摘　　要：为了明确口罩对实际环境颗粒物的过滤防护效果,采用呼吸实境采样装置对办公室和企业车间环境进行现场分析,选用3种口罩研究口罩类型、佩戴方式、吸气速率等因素对颗粒物过滤效率和风险消减的影响。结果表明,口罩对颗粒物的过滤效率从高到低依次为:KN95口罩>医用口罩>活性炭口罩,口罩侧面泄露对口罩的防护效果具有重要影响,而吸气速率对口罩颗粒物过滤效率的影响不明显。自然佩戴口罩对车间内不同粒径颗粒物的过滤效率呈现随粒径变大而增加的趋势,佩戴KN95口罩对废塑料破碎车间粗、细颗粒物在人体呼吸系统沉积通量消减率均高于93.5%,建议工人根据车间空气状况和劳动工种合理选择不同类型的防护口罩。In order to make clear the filtration efficiency of respirators on particulate matter(PM) based on real respiratory environment,three kinds of face masks were selected to study the effects of mask type,wearing mode,inspiratory rate on PM filtration efficiency and risk reduction.Results show that the general trend for PM filtration efficiencies of masks was KN95 mask > surgical mask > activated carbon mask.The air leakage from the gaps between the face and the masks played an important role in achieving high protection performance,while the effect of inspiratory rate on the filtration efficiency of the mask was not obvious.The filtration efficiency of wearing masks under real-life conditions for different size particles showed a tendency to increase with the particle size.More than 93.5% reduction rate for the deposition flux of coarse and fine particles in the human respiratory system in the waste plastic crushing workshop was obtained by wearing KN95 mask.It is suggested that workers can select different types of masks according to the air conditions and the work tasks in the workshop.

关 键 词：口罩 颗粒物 过滤效率 沉积通量 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]