核桃资源的抗晚霜性能评价  

Evaluation of Late Frost Resistance of Walnut Genetic Resources

作　　者：常月梅 李永琛 高俊仙 CHANG Yuemei;LI Yongchen;GAO Junxian(Shanxi Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Taiyuan 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省林业和草原科学研究院,山西太原030012

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2022年第5期15-19,共5页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：山西省专利推广实施资助专项(20200726)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,由于气侯变化异常,核桃受春季晚霜冻害的频率越来越高,而生产上常用的栽培措施对预防晚霜收效甚微。为此,挖掘现有核桃资源特征,从遗传特性方面筛选更多抗晚霜类型和品种,为核桃抗晚霜品种提供基础材料和参考依据有重要意义。【方法】以盛果期的12个核桃品种元林、香玲、清香、中林1号、鲁光、辽宁1号、中林3号、京861、西扶1号、礼品2号、FD06和47号为研究对象,分析了各品种不同类型芽在枝条上的排列方式和位置、芽萌动期和开花期、侧花芽萌芽率与抗晚霜性关系。【结果】元林、强特勒品种具有较强的抗霜冻性,FD06、京861、香玲、47号等品种抗霜冻性次之。元林、强特勒、FD06、中林1号雄花萌芽开花晚,霜冻后可做授粉树。【结论】抗晚霜品种应具有萌芽晚、侧花芽多且萌芽率低的特性,萌芽晚有利于避过晚霜冻且有利于树体冻害后恢复,侧花芽多且萌芽率低的品种有利于二次开花。【Objective】In recent years,due to the abnormal climate change,the frequency of walnut late frost damage in spring was increasing,but the common cultivation measures in production had little effect on preventing late frost.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the characteristics of existing walnut resources and screen more types and varieties of late frost resistance from the aspect of genetic characteristics,so as to provide basic materials and reference basis for late frost resistance varieties of walnut.【Methods】Taking 12 walnut cultivars of Yuanlin,Xiangling,Qingxiang,Zhonglin No.1,Luguang,Liaoning No.1,Zhonglin 3,Jing 861,Xifu No.1,Lipin No.2,FD06 and 47 at full fruit period as the research objects,the arrangement and position of different types of lateral buds on branches of each cultivar were analyzed.The relationship between bud germination period and flowering period,lateral bud germination rate and late spring frost resistance was analyzed.【Results】The cultivars of Yuanlin and Qinxiang had strong frost resistance,followed by FD06,Jing 861,Xiangling and 47 cutivars.Male flower bud of Yuanlin,Chandler,FD06 and Zhonglin 1 germinated late and could been as pollenizer for cultivars suffering from spring frost problems.【Conclusion】It was concluded that spring frost resistance cultivars should have the traits of late sprouting time,more lateral buds and low bud sprouting percentage.Late leafing time is beneficial to avoid spring frost or suffer less damage from late spring frost problems,and cultivars with more lateral buds and low bud sprouting percentage were beneficial to secondary flowering.

关 键 词：核桃 抗晚霜品种 萌芽期 萌芽率 侧花芽 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]