不同树形对砀山酥梨冠层结构、光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Canopy Structure,Photosynthetic Characteristics,Fruit Quality of‘Dangshan’pear

作　　者：刘珊珊 令狐田 赵志霞 缑耀武 翟锐[1] 杨成泉[1] 徐凌飞[1] 王志刚[1] LIU Shanshan;LING Hutian;ZHAO Zhixia;GOU Yaowu;ZHAI Rui;YANG Chenquan;XU Lingfei;WANG Zhigang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Fruit Technology Promotion Center of Pucheng County,Pucheng 715500,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省蒲城县果业科技推广中心,陕西蒲城715500

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2022年第5期41-49,共9页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD1000202)。

摘　　要：【目的】砀山酥梨是中国梨产业主栽品种之一,随着其栽培面积的增加,栽培管理模式上的问题日渐显露。如树形不适,导致冠层过密,枝叶互相遮蔽,冠内光照差,导致产量及品质降低。为此,探究最适合砀山酥梨生长的树形以期为生产提供指导。【方法】以4年生砀山酥梨(Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd.)为材料,选取果园现有Y字形、倒伞形、圆柱形及多干形4种树形进行研究,株行距均为1 m×4 m,南北行向,对比研究不同树形对树体的冠层结构、光合特性及果实品质的影响。【结果】Y字形、倒伞形及多干形树体的短枝比例显著高于圆柱形。Y字形和倒伞形树体的叶面积指数显著低于圆柱形和多干形,但冠层开度高,使中下部得到更好的光照。同时段内,Y字形树体的净光合速率最高,倒伞形次之,圆柱形和多干形较低。亩(667 m^(2))产量为Y字形>倒伞形>多干形>圆柱形。Y字形树体的果形指数和可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他三种树形。选择了21种指标进行主成分分析,4种树形的优劣顺序依次为Y字形、倒伞形、圆柱形、多干形。初果期Y字形冠层结构合理,光合效率强、产量和品质较好,综合评分最高,是适宜栽培、推广的优良树形。【结论】梨树的枝类比可以反映树体的生长情况,通过改造树形提高产量和果实品质,进而获得高效益,是栽培整形的侧重点和目标。【Objective】Dangshan pear is one of the main varieties of pear industry in China.With the increase of its cultivation area,the cultivation and management mode of Dangshans pear is becoming more and more serious.If the tree shape is not suitable,the canopy is too dense,the branches and leaves are shaded each other,and the light in the canopy is poor,resulting in the reduction of yield and quality.Therefore,the tree shape that is most suitable for the growth of Dangshan pear was explored for reference.【Methods】‘Dangshan’pear(Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd)(4 years old)was used as the material,and four tree shapes,including Y shape,inverted umbrella shape,cylindrical shape and multi-stem shape,were selected for the study.The spacing between plants and rows was 1 m×4 m,and the north-south direction was the same.The effects of different tree shapes on canopy structure,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were studied.【Results】The proportion of short branches of Y-shape,inverted umbrella and multiple branches tree was significantly higher than that of pillar tree.The leaf area index of Y-shape and inverted umbrella shape trees was significantly lower than that of pillar and multiple branches trees,but the canopy opening was higher,which made the middle and lower parts of the tree got better light.At the same time,the net photosynthetic rate of Y-shape tree was the highest,followed by the inverted umbrella trees,and the pillar and multiple branches trees were lower.The yield per 667 m^(2) is Y-shape>inverted umbrella>multiple branches>pillar.The fruit shape index and soluble solid content of Y-shape tree were significantly higher than those of other three tree shape.21 indexes were selected for principal component analysis,and the order of the 4 tree shapes was Y-shape,inverted umbrella shape,multiple branches,pillar.At the first fruit stage,the Y-shape canopy structure was reasonable,with high photosynthetic efficiency,good yield and quality,and the highest comprehensive score.It was an excellent

关 键 词：砀山酥梨 树形 冠层结构 光合特性 品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]