“清真雅正”衡文标准与清代文风的官方建构  

The Standard of“Clarity and Elegance”and the Official Construction of Writing Style in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：潘务正[1] 吴伟 PAN Wuzheng;WU Wei

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学中国诗学研究中心,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽师范大学文学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2022年第4期92-100,共9页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代诗史典型事件的文献考辑与研究”(18ZDA255)。

摘　　要：明代中后期时文风气大变,为此朝廷屡次下诏厘正文体;清代统治者鉴于时文的艰深之语及诡异之辞有碍“代圣贤立言”,亦多次加以干预,至雍正十年明确提出“清真雅正”的衡文标准,以抵制“异端”思想和骈俪之风入侵时文。此一衡文标准意在考察士子的道德修养,将理学家提倡的气禀清浊与才性贤愚理论运用于科制中,以时文是否具有“清”的风貌甄别士子品性的优劣。衡文标准的确立,影响了清代文风,诗词、古文、律赋乃至骈文理论与创作也遵守这一规范,清代文风的官方建构成效显著。The style of writing changed greatly in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.Therefore,the imperial court repeatedly issued edicts to correct the style.The rulers of the Qing Dynasty also intervened many times in view of the abstruse language and obscure rhetoricin the current writings which hindered“expounding the ideas of sages”,and clearly put forward the standard of“clarity and elegance”in the tenth year of Yongzheng’s Regime,so as to resist the invasion of“heretical”thoughts and flowery language.This standard of literary is intended to examine the moral cultivation of scholars,apply the theory of clear temperament and virtuous talent advocated by Neo Confucianism to the imperial examination system,and distinguish the quality of scholars’character by judging whether their writing style is“clear”.The establishment of the standard influenced the style of writing in the Qing Dynasty.The creation of poetry,prose,prose-poems and even rhythmical prose also complied with this standard.The official construction of the style of writing in the Qing Dynasty achieved remarkable results.

关 键 词：时文 清真雅正 气禀清浊 清代文风 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K249[历史地理—历史学]