碳纤维丝束结构对碳纤维/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的影响  

Effect of carbon fiber tow structure on ablative properties of carbon fiber/phenolic composites

作　　者：孔国强 安振河 魏化震 李莹 邵蒙 于秋兵 纪校君 李居影 王康 KONG Guoqiang;AN Zhenhe;WEI Huazhen;LI Ying;SHAO Meng;YU Qiubing;JI Xiaojun;LI Juying;WANG Kang(Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials,Jinan 250031,China;Beijing Xinfeng Machinery Factory,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]山东非金属材料研究所,济南250031 [2]北京新风航天装备有限公司,北京100039

出　　处：《材料工程》2022年第9期113-119,共7页Journal of Materials Engineering

摘　　要：以酚醛树脂为基体,以平纹碳布和短切碳纤维两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂,制备碳纤维增强的碳/酚醛复合材料。采用氧/乙炔烧蚀实验对复合材料的耐烧蚀性能进行了对比性研究,采用电子拉力试验机对复合材料的弯曲性能进行表征,采用扫描电镜对复合材料烧蚀形面进行观察,并通过固体火箭发动机对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行考核验证。研究结果表明:以这两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂制备的碳/酚醛复合材料,其氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的大小与碳纤维丝束的大小具有正相关的特性,碳纤维丝束越小碳纤维质量烧蚀率越低,当碳纤维增强剂处于单丝状态时,复合材料的氧乙炔质量烧蚀率达到最低为0.046 g/s,并且碳纤维的型号规格对复合材料氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的影响变小。固体火箭发动机实验表明,单丝状态下的碳纤维/酚醛复合材料的抗烧蚀冲刷性能明显优于束状碳纤维/酚醛复合材料。Carbon fiber reinforced carbon/phenolic composites were prepared by using phenolic resin as matrix,plain carbon cloth and short carbon fiber as reinforcing agent.The ablation resistance of the composite was studied by oxygen/acetylene ablation test.The bending property of the composite was characterized by electronic tensile testing machine.The ablation surface of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope.The ablation performance of the composite was verified by solid rocket motor.The results show that the mass ablation rate of oxyacetylene in carbon/phenolic composites prepared with these two structural forms of carbon fibers as reinforcements has a positive correlation with the size of carbon fiber tow.The smaller the carbon fiber tow,the lower the mass ablation rate of carbon fiber.When the carbon fiber reinforcer is in the single filament state,the oxyacetylene mass ablation rate of the composite is the lowest,which is 0.046 g/s,and the influence of carbon fiber type and specification on the mass ablation rate of oxyacetylene becomes smaller.The experimental results of solid rocket motor show that the ablation erosion resistance of carbon fiber/phenolic composites in monofilament state is obviously better than that of bundle carbon fiber/phenolic composites.

关 键 词：碳纤维丝束 复合材料 酚醛树脂 质量烧蚀率 线烧蚀率 

分 类 号：TQ342.74[化学工程—化纤工业]