超高温好氧堆肥厨余垃圾技术研究  

Aerobic Compost with Super-high Temperature Bacteria for Kitchen Waste Treatment

作　　者：黄殿男[1] 侯文涛 刘闯 赵超越 傅金祥[1] HUANG Diannan;HOU Wentao;LIU Chuang;ZHAO Chaoyue;FU Jinxiang(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,China,110168)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期570-576,共7页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研究计划项目(2018YFD1100500)。

摘　　要：目的研究超高温好氧堆肥处理高油、高盐、低pH厨余垃圾技术,提高厨余垃圾的处理效率。方法采用m(辅料)∶m(牛粪)∶m(厨余)=3∶1∶1的比例进行堆肥,把不添加菌剂的高温好氧堆肥设为对照组,把添加嗜热菌菌剂的超高温好氧堆肥设为实验组。通过增加堆体温度,加速腐殖化进程来缩短发酵周期。结果超高温堆肥不依靠外源热源加热,平均温度能够达到70℃以上,最高温度达到了84℃,堆体当中添加嗜热菌剂使堆肥的发酵温度比高温堆肥高20~30℃,发酵时间降低到13d,处理效率高。在超高温作用下,电导率前期变化快,较高温堆肥增长了0.297mS/cm,在末期电导率达到了0.872mS/cm,比高温堆肥低0.193mS/cm,高油、高盐厨余垃圾降解程度高,满足了植物正常生长的需求,已为无害资源。超高温好氧堆肥末期测得种子发芽率为98%,碳氮质量比为8.95,堆肥产物符合腐熟要求,厨余垃圾已没有毒性。结论超高温好氧堆肥技术能够高效率去除高油、高盐、低pH的厨余垃圾,实现了餐厨垃圾的无害、无毒、资源化处理。Ultra-high temperature aerobic composting technology was studied for treatment of kitchen waste with high oil,high salt and low pH in order to further improve the treatment efficiency of the kitchen waste.A 3∶1∶1 mix of m(accessories),m(cow dung)and m(kitchen waste)was used for compost.The high temperature aerobic compost without bacterial agent was set as the control group,and the ultra-high temperature aerobic compost with thermophilic bacteria was set as the experimental group.The average composting temperature can reach more than 70℃without external heat source heating,moreover the highest temperature can reach 84℃.The stack with adding thermophilic agent has the fermentation temperature 20~30℃higher than that of the stack without adding the agent,the fermentation time reduced to 13 d,and has high treatment efficiency.Under the action of ultra-high temperature,the conductivity(EC)changes rapidly in the early stage,increased 0.297 mS/cm higher than that of high temperature composting,while at the end of the experiment EC reached 0.872 mS/cm,0.193 mS/cm lower than the high temperature compost;the high oil and salt of kitchen waste can be effectively degraded,and its products meet the requirements of normal growth of plants,has become a harmless resource.The seed germination rate(GI)measured at the end of ultra-high temperature aerobic composting was 98%,and the carbon-nitrogen mass ratio was 8.95.The composting products met the humus requirements,and the kitchen waste was no longer toxic.Ultra-high temperature aerobic composting technology can efficiently remove the kitchen waste with high oil,high salt and low pH,and realize the harmless,non-toxic and resource treatment of restaurant-kitchen waste.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 好氧堆肥 堆料温度 超高温 共基质 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]