玉米太空诱变新材料选育的理论与实践  

Theory and Practice of New Material Breeding by Space Mutagenesis in Maize

作　　者：汪静[1] 荣廷昭[1] 潘光堂[1] 李川 易洪杨 余涛 曹墨菊[1] WANG Jing;RONG Ting-zhao;PAN Guang-tang;LI Chuan;YI Hong-yang;YU Tao;CAO Mo-ju(Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Gene Resources Exploitation and Utilization of Crops in Southwest Region,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学玉米研究所/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室/农业农村部西南玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第4期1-7,15,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国防科工局核能开发科研项目“核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控”;四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0011);国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFD0102104);国家863计划项目子课题(2012AA101202-4);国家航天育种工程项目子课题(2009HT2000);国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2008BAD97B03)。

摘　　要：利用太空特殊的环境条件,选取具有不同遗传基础的玉米种质进行卫星搭载处理,根据搭载种子后代不同世代的变异特点对突变性状进行选择,及早进行双列杂交和配合力分析,确定太空诱变后代在育种上的应用价值。采用太空诱变与常规育种技术有机结合的方法,选育优良玉米自交系和其他特异新材料。通过创新玉米育种技术与方法,培育适应西南地区特别是四川特殊生态、生产条件的高配合力、高产、高抗多种病害、适应性广的玉米自交系,进而选育高产、稳产、优质、广适玉米优良杂交种。从诱变处理后代选育出一批优异的遗传变异材料,丰富了玉米育种的种质资源,扩大遗传变异范围。通过实践,集成创新了一套玉米太空诱变育种的技术体系。Different types of maize germplasms were selected as mutation treatment materials carried into outer space by satellite. Outer space environment possesses high vacuum, ultra-clean and intense radiation which can induce change in genetic material DNA. Trait variations were screened for the progeny from treating seeds. According to the expression characteristics of mutated trait, selections were conducted for different traits at different generations, the mutant phenotype identification and selection were performed at each generation, and the diallel cross design and combining ability analysis were carried out in early generations to determine some excellent ear lines’ application value in breeding. By outer space flight combined with conventional breeding techniques, elite maize inbred lines and other special new materials were bred. Through innovating maize breeding techniques and methods,the maize inbred lines with high combing ability, high yield, high resistance to multiple diseases and wide adaptability to the ecology and production conditions of southwest China especially Sichuan region were cultivated, and then the excellent maize hybrids with high yield, stable yield, fine quality and wide adaptability were produced. A number of outstanding genetic variation materials which were selected from the offspring of mutagenesis had enriched the germplasm resources of maize breeding and expanded the range of genetic variation. A set of technology system of maize outer space mutagenesis breeding was summarized and applied in practice.

关 键 词：玉米 太空诱变 筛选鉴定 突变体 种质资源 

分 类 号：S513.035.2[农业科学—作物学]