镍矿区周边不同距离玉米农田的重金属污染及转移规律  

Pollution and Transfer Regular of Heavy Metals in Maize Fields at Different Distances around Nickel Mining Areas

作　　者：赵鑫[1] 史旭曾 李善龙 李涛 王洪君[1] 王楠[1] 陈宝玉[1] 孙孟琪 魏雯雯[1] 曹铁华[1] 梁烜赫[1] ZHAO Xin;SHI Xu-zeng;LI Shan-long;LI Tao;WANG Hong-jun;WANG Nan;CHEN Bao-yu;SUN Meng-qi;WEI Wen-wen;CAO Tie-hua;LIANG Xuan-he(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第4期56-61,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科学院基本科研经费自然基金项目(KYJF2021ZR009);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300206-5);吉林省科技厅国际合作项目(20100722);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200702011NC)。

摘　　要：以吉林省镍矿区作为污染中心,调查周边1~5 km不同距离玉米农田中铬、镍、镉、砷和铅共5种重金属的含量及其在玉米体内的蓄积量和分配规律,为合理评价重金属污染状况及制定治理措施提供借鉴和参考。结果表明,镍矿区周边不同距离农田中,镍、镉含量超标1.3至8.9倍,砷含量接近标准上限,铬、铅不超标;在漂移性方面,镍和镉较弱,而砷、铬和铅较强。重金属含量高的农田,玉米子粒生物量呈显著下降趋势,降幅可达15.8%~31.7%。玉米对镍、铬和砷的富集量较多,对镉和铅的富集量较少,且倾向于砷、铬富集于子粒,镍、镉、铅富集于营养器官。吉林省镍矿区周边不同距离农田重金属污染和转移规律存在显著差异,玉米适合做镍的修复植物,在砷或铬含量高地区不宜种植食用玉米。To find out heavy metal content in soil and its transfer regularity in crops in farmlands around different distance from the mining area,the nickel mining area in Jilin province was chosen as a center of pollution,investigated five heavy metals content including chromium,nickel,cadmium,arsenic and lead totally,and its absorption and distribution characters in maize field around different distance from 1 to 5 km,provided reference and reference on evaluation of heavy metal pollution and formulation of control measures.The results showed that,the contents of nickel and cadmium were 1.3 to 8.9 times higher than the standard,arsenic content was close to the upper limit,and chromium and lead were not higher than the standard in the fields around the nickel mine.In terms of mobility of heavy metals,nickel and cadmium were weaker,but arsenic,chromium and lead were stronger.The seed yield of maize showed a significant downward trend in the field with high content of heavy metals,with a decrease of15.8%to 31.7%.The enrichment of Ni,Cr and As was higher in maize,while the enrichment of Cd and Pb was lower,and the enrichment of As and Cr in maize tended to be in the grain,while the enrichment of Ni,Cd and Pb in vegetative organs.In conclusion,there are significant differences in the pattern of heavy metal pollution and transfer in different distances around nickel mining areas in Jilin province,and maize is suitable to be used as nickel remediation plant,but is not suitable to plant maize in high arsenic or chromium content field.

关 键 词：玉米 重金属 镍矿区 不同距离 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]