俄汉语不同句子类型及句子成分对应转换关系研究  

A Study on the Correspondence Conversion Between Different Types and Components of Sentences in Russian and Chinese

作　　者：安利红 AN Lihong

机构地区：[1]国家语委科研机构东北亚语言研究中心,辽宁大连

出　　处：《语言教育》2022年第3期47-59,共13页Language Education

基　　金：辽宁省哲学社会科学规划基金项目“非通用语种语法教学在外语人才培养方面的综合性功能研究”(项目编号:L19BYY018)的研究成果。

摘　　要：非通用语种专业由于学生零起点等原因,语法等语言知识类课程一般持续整整两年。充分考虑学生母语的特点,将外语与母语进行对比分析有助于增强句法学习效果并同时提升翻译能力。研究发现,由于俄汉复句种类的巨大差别及客体/主体思维模式的不同,俄语带说明从句的主从复合句与汉语包孕句、普通主谓句、非主谓句有对应转换关系;俄语定语从句与汉语简单句的定语及兼语式句的第二个环节有对应转换关系;俄语程度、度量从句与汉语简单句的补语、状语、定语及兼语式存在对应转换关系;俄语某些时间从句与汉语简单句的时间补语或连动句的一个动词结构存在对应转换关系;俄语的次要句子成分(补语、状语)与汉语主要句子成分(主语、谓语)存在对应转换关系。In non-universal language courses,grammar and other language knowledge courses generally last two full years due to the fact that students start from scratch.A careful consideration of the characteristrics of the mother tongue and a comparative analysis between the foreign language and the mother tongue will improve the effectiveness of the syntax learning as well as the translation skills.Studies show that due to the huge difference in the types of complex sentences in Russian and Chinese and the difference in the object/subject thinking mode,correspondences can be found between complex sentences with explanatory clauses in Russian and comprehensive sentence,ordinary subject-predicate and non-subject-predicate sentences in Chinese,between attributive clause sentences in Russian and attributes in simple sentences and pivotal sentence in Chinese,between clauses of degree and measure in Russian and complements,adverbials,attributes in simple sentences and pivotal sentence in Chinese,and between time clauses in Russian and time complements in simple sentences or verb structures in sentences with serial verbs in Chinese.Correspondences can be also seen between the secondary sentence components(complements,adverbials,attributes) in Russian and the primary components(subjects,predicates) in Chinese.

关 键 词：复合句 简单句 句子成分 对应转换关系 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]