基于联盟链的电动汽车虚拟聚合调频  

Frequency Regulation by Virtual Aggregation of Electric Vehicles Based on Consortium Blockchain

作　　者：王昊天 孙英云[1] 汪丽伟 赵鹏飞[1] WANG Haotian;SUN Yingyun;WANG Liwei;ZHAO Pengfei(School of Electric and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,北京市102206

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2022年第16期122-131,共10页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777065)。

摘　　要：随着可再生能源发电比例不断提高,提高电力系统灵活调节能力、维持电力系统频率稳定是新型电力系统研究中的关键问题。电动汽车作为一种具有快速响应特性的灵活性资源,如何充分引导其参与调频是当前研究热点。现有研究多利用聚合商管理电动汽车集群参与调频辅助服务市场,但此模式对于电动汽车用户的数据隐私安全来说存在较高风险,第三方聚合商在调频交易中也与用户存在利益冲突,电网调度中心、聚合商、电动汽车用户三者之间存在地位不平等、信息不对称的问题,用户不依赖聚合商参与调频辅助服务市场的通道尚不存在。因此,文中给出虚拟聚合商定义,提出虚拟聚合调频框架,基于联盟链的共识机制、智能合约等技术实现电网调度中心和电动汽车所需的调频资源聚合、调频指令分解等服务。算例表明,所提虚拟聚合调频框架可在联盟链网络中实现去中心化的分布式调频优化,在收益分配方面更加公平合理,有利于激励电动汽车用户保持高响应水平,促进电动汽车灵活性资源利用。With the increasing proportion of renewable energy generation,improving the flexible regulation ability of power system and maintaining the frequency stability of the power system are the key issues in the research of new power systems.As a flexible resource with fast response characteristics,how to fully guide electric vehicles(EVs)to participate in frequency regulation is a current research hotspot.Existing studies mostly use aggregators to manage EV clusters and participate in the frequency regulation auxiliary service market,but this mode has high risks in the data privacy security of EV users.The third party aggregators also have conflicts of interest with users in frequency regulation transactions.There are problems of unequal status and information asymmetry among power grid dispatching centers,aggregators and EV users.There is no channel for users to participate in frequency regulation auxiliary service market without relying on aggregators.Therefore,the definition of virtual aggregator is given in this paper,and a virtual aggregation frequency regulation framework is proposed.Based on the consensus mechanism of consortium blockchain,smart contract and other technologies,services such as frequency regulation resource aggregation and frequency regulation instruction decomposition required by power grid dispatching center and EVs are realized.The example shows that the proposed virtual aggregation frequency regulation framework can realize decentralized distributed frequency regulation optimization in the consortium blockchain network,and is more fair and reasonable in revenue distribution,which is conducive to encouraging EV users to maintain a high response level and promoting the flexible resource utilization of EVs.

关 键 词：灵活性资源 电动汽车 联盟链 去中心化 调频 虚拟聚合 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]