寻找灾后重建规划“自上而下”政府推进与“自下而上”民众共识的平衡点——日本的启示  

Strike a Balance Point Between “Top-down” Governmental Enforcement and “Bottom-up” Community Consensus in Post-disaster Reconstruction Planning: Inspirations from Cases in Japan

作　　者：郗皎如 王江波[1] Xi Jiaoru;Wang Jiangbo

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学建筑学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2022年第4期122-130,共9页Urban Planning International

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52008204);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJCZH191)。

摘　　要：中国的灾后重建规划决策具有“以政府为主导、自上而下”的层级特点,可以统筹资源,集中力量高效推进重建工作。但研究表明,上述重建机制易导致“自上而下”的政府推进力度与“自下而上”的群体决策空间之间出现矛盾。本文以东日本地震和海啸后名取市閖上地区、岩沼市玉浦西住区的灾后重建规划实践为例,分别对“自上而下理想方案失意后的纠偏”与“自下而上民众共识基础上的顺利推进”的代表案例进行分析,明确两个案例为获取社区共识而采取的不同规划策略,形成的规划方案及其规划实施成果和评价,以期为中国的灾后重建规划平衡政府推进力与获取社区共识提供方法论方面的具体建议。The decision making of the China’s post-disaster reconstruction planning featured by a “government-oriented, top-down” hierarchy, which allows for the coordination of resources and concentration of efforts to efficiently advance reconstruction work. But researches proposed that the mechanism is prone to contradiction between a strong “top-down” governmental enforcement and realization of the “bottom-up” community’s decision-making space. This paper chooses Yuriage district in Natori City and Tamauranishi district in Iwanuma City after the Great East Japan Earthquake as typical cases, representing “the correction after the failure of a ‘top-down’ ideal planning scheme” and “the smooth progress of a planning scheme based on ‘bottom-up’ community consent” respectively. It examines the different planning measurements of acquiring community consent,planning schemes, implementation progress and evaluation, with a view to providing concrete methodological suggestions for balancing government facilitation and community consensus in post-disaster reconstruction planning in China.

关 键 词：东日本地震和海啸 灾后重建 规划实践 “自上而下”的政府推进 “自下而上”的社区共识 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]