青藏高原濒危兽类保护与管理研究进展  

Research advances in conservation and management of endangered mammals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张同作[1,3] 江峰 徐波 李斌 梁程博 顾海峰 ZHANG Tongzuo;JIANG Feng;XU Bo;LI Bin;LIANG Chengbo;GU Haifeng(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810001,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,西宁810001 [4]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《兽类学报》2022年第5期490-507,共18页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合重点项目(U20A2012);中国科学院青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-01)。

摘　　要：青藏高原是全球生物多样性热点区域和优先保护区,分布着多种重点保护物种及青藏高原特有种,物种丰富度高且濒危物种占比大。本文针对青藏高原分布的有蹄类、猫科、熊科、犬科、鼬科、翼手目、小型兽类7个动物类群,从濒危现状、濒危成因、已开展的研究工作和管理对策、取得的保护成效等角度分别论述了各类群的保护与管理研究进展。在青藏高原有蹄类中特有种占比远高于其他类群;81%~100%的有蹄类、猫科、熊科、犬科动物被列为国家重点保护野生动物;45%~100%的有蹄类、猫科、熊科动物被中国脊椎动物红色名录或IUCN红色名录列为受威胁物种,远高于全球平均水平。全球变暖、栖息地破碎化、环境污染、过度放牧、偷猎与非法贸易是青藏高原濒危兽类生存的主要威胁。相关法律法规的贯彻实施、自然保护地建设及开展的大量调查监测和研究,为青藏高原濒危兽类保护生物学研究提供了法律保障和科学依据。鉴于目前保护与管理工作的局限性,建议构建全面系统的大数据平台,开展青藏高原地区保护成效快速评估及自然保护地空间优化布局研究,将国际先进的交叉学科理论方法与实践创新优势相结合,为濒危兽类的保护与管理提供指导与建议,从而为我国生物多样性保护和生态文明建设提供重要的科技支撑。The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a global biodiversity hotspot and a priority area for conservation.It hosts a variety of key protected and endemic wildlife species,contributing to a high level of species richness and a large proportion of endangered species.We reviewed the research advances in the conservation and management of 7 fauna groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(ungulates,felids,ursids,canids,mustelids,chiropterans,and other small mammals)from the perspectives of the endangered status,threatening causes,strategies and effects of conservation and management.The proportion of endemic species of ungulates was much higher than that of the other 6 groups.81%-100%of ungulate,felid,ursid,and canid species were listed as the national key protected wildlife.45%to 100%of ungulate,felid,and ursid species were listed as threatened by the Red List of China’s Vertebrates or Red List of IUCN,which is far higher than the global average.Habitat fragmentation,global warming,overgrazing,poaching and illegal trade,and environmental pollution were the major threats to the survival of endangered mammals on the QTP.The implementation of relevant laws and policies,the construction of nature reserves,as well as the carrying out of a large number of investigations,monitoring,and researches have provided legal guarantees and scientific basis for the conservation and management of endangered mammals on the QTP.In view of the limitations of current conservation and management,we suggest building a comprehensive and systematic big data platform,so as to conduct rapid assessment of conservation effectiveness on the QTP and research on spatial optimization of protected areas.We also suggest combining internationally advanced interdisciplinary theoretical methods and practical innovation to provide guidance and suggestions for the protection and management of endangered mammals,so as to provide important scientific and technical support for the biodiversity conservation and ecological civilization construction of China.

关 键 词：青藏高原 濒危兽类 濒危现状 濒危成因 保护对策 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]