三江源国家公园迁徙藏羚对野生动物通道的利用——以青藏铁路五北大桥为例  

The utilization of wildlife passages by migratory Tibetan antelope in Sanjiangyuan National Park:a case study of Wubei Bridge of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

作　　者：赛青高娃 李宏奇 王东 王子涵 连新明[1,4] Saiqinggaowa;LI Hongqi;WANG Dong;WANG Zihan;LIAN Xinming(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]青海省环境工程技术评估中心,西宁810007 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,西宁810001

出　　处：《兽类学报》2022年第5期601-608,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究计划项目(2017-ZJ-724);青海省重大专项“三江源区代表性动物基因资源保护和利用”项目;中国科学院“西部之光”青年学者A类项目资助。

摘　　要：道路在促进区域经济发展的同时,也影响着沿线野生动物的生存状况,如造成动物栖息地隔离或破碎化(李俊生等,2009;黄青东智等,2022)、车辆碰撞导致动物死亡(Abra etal.,2018;Wadey etal.,2018;Delgado etal.,2019;Pagany,2020)、阻隔两侧动物基因交流(Kellerand Largiad-er,2003;蔡志洲,2020)等。目前,通常采用设立野生动物通道(孔亚平等,2011)、围栏封闭道路(Clevenger etal.,2001)。The Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR)crosses the migration routes of the Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii)in the Sanjiangyuan National Park(SNP)and the female antelopes have to cross the QTR by wildlife passages to continue their migrations.In this study,a remote monitoring camera was set up near the Wubei Bridge to record the utilization of the bridge by migratory antelopes.Based on the monitoring data of the returning migration period from July to September 2019 and the calving migration period from April to June 2020,the results showed that:Tibetan antelopes crossed the Wubei Bridge mainly in the daytime and mostly in the morning.The peaks during the calving migration and the returning migration were in 09:00-12:59 and 11:00-11:59 respectively.Compared with the returning migration period,female antelopes gathered into smaller groups during the calving migration period,which was related to the sequence of roads to be crossed and the lower predation risk of calves in larger groups.We found individuals in larger groups spent less time crossing the Wubei Bridge.Larger groups could accelerate crossing speed and then reduce the average crossing time of individuals.However,there was no significant difference in the average crossing time of individuals between the two migratory periods,indicating that the presence of calves had little effect on the speed and time of antelope groups.In conclusion,there was a significant difference in the group size of Tibetan antelope between the returning and calving migration periods and the group size affected the average crossing time of individuals.We also detected a temporal pattern in the use of wildlife passage by Tibetan antelope.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 藏羚 野生动物通道 集群规模 迁徙 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]