海南省不同火龙果园区土壤养分含量变化  

Changes of Soil Nutrient Contents in Different Pitaya Orchards in Hainan Province

作　　者：张瀚 杨福孙[1] 胡文斌[2] 孙会举 李洪立[2] ZHANG Han;YANG Fu-sun;HU Wen-bin(Tropical Crops Institute,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;Institu-te of Tropical Crop Variety Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第17期132-137,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部新设财政项目“特色热带作物种质资源精准鉴定与新品种培育项目”(RZJP2020004);社会公益类科研机构改革专项“火龙果反季节栽培技术集成与示范”(PZS2021008);海南省重点研发计划“火龙果种质资源收集与性状评价”(ZDYF20202051)。

摘　　要：为正确评价海南省不同火龙果园区土壤肥力状况,以期对火龙果进行科学、合理地施肥,提高肥料利用率,以儋州、文昌等地的3种火龙果园区为研究对象,分别测定火龙果生长期、花期、果期时0~20 cm园区土壤的大、中、微量元素的变化情况,并根据土壤元素含量及评价标准,评定不同园区土壤元素的丰缺状况。结果表明,对儋州、文昌等地火龙果园区土壤进行分析,园区土壤总体表现为偏酸性,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换钙、交换镁等大、中量元素处于中等水平,有效铁、有效锌、有效铜含量表现为丰富水平,有效硼处于中等水平,土壤养分含量适宜。金都1号园区土壤交换钙含量在花期显著上升,在果期显著下降,有效磷含量则相反,有效铁含量在花期显著下降,在生长期显著上升。软枝大红园区土壤有效磷含量在生长期和花期显著上升,果期显著下降。有效铁、有效铜含量在生长期、花期显著下降,果期显著上升。蜜红园区土壤交换钙、交换镁、有效锌含量在花期显著下降,生长期显著上升。生长期大红园区土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换钙、有效锰含量与相同时期的蜜红园区土壤相比,分别高38.94%、26.70%、32.39%、39.5%、47.29%。当花期时,大红园区土壤的碱解氮、有效磷、交换镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效硼的含量比金都1号园区高18.12%、77.56%、12.23%、29.73%、54.62%、63.71%、36.73%。花期金都1号园区的交换钙、有效铜含量比大红园区高80.00%、67.78%。果期时,大红园区土壤的速效钾、有效铁、有效铜含量与同时期蜜红园区土壤相比高0.46%、37.61%、37.77%,蜜红园区土壤的有效硼含量比金都1号园区高21.55%。软枝大红园区土壤养分含量较金都1号和蜜红园区土壤养分含量高,但不同时期变化幅度大。In order to correctly evaluate the soil fertility of different pitaya orchards in Hainan Province,in order to apply fertilizer scientifically and reasonably and improve the fertilizer utilization rate,the changes of large,medium and trace elements in 0-20 cm soil of pitaya orchards in Danzhou and Wenchang were determined respectively.According to the content and evaluation standard of soil elements,the abundance and deficiency of soil elements in different parks were evaluated.The results showed that soil pH of pitaya orchard in Danzhou,Wenchang and other places was generally acidic,large and medium elements such as alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in the medium level,available iron,available zinc and available copper were in the rich level,available boron was in the medium level,and soil nutrient content was appropriate.The content of soil exchangeable calcium increased significantly at flowering stage and decreased significantly at fruit stage,while the content of available phosphorus was on the contrary.The content of available iron decreased significantly at flowering stage and increased significantly at growth stage.The content of soil available phosphorus increased significantly in growth and flowering stages,and decreased significantly in fruit stage.The contents of available iron and copper decreased significantly in growth and flowering stage,and increased significantly in fruit stage.The contents of exchangeable Ca,Mg and available Zn decreased significantly at flowering stage and increased significantly at growth stage.The contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and available manganese in Dahong garden soil were 38.94%,26.70%,32.39%,39.5%and 47.29%higher than those in Mihong garden soil in the same growth period,respectively.At flowering stage,the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,exchangeable magnesium,available iron,available manganese,available zinc and

关 键 词：金都1号 蜜红 土壤养分 碱解氮 微量元素 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]