2020-2021年北京市海淀区HIV抗体确证试验结果分析  

Analysis of HIV antibody test results in Haidian District, Beijing from 2020 to 2021

作　　者：汤旭[1] 杨植 肇刚 刘方遥[1] TANG Xu;YANG Zhi;ZHAO Gang;LIU Fang-yao(Center for Disease Control and Prenvention in Haidian District of Beijing,Beijing 100094,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心微检科,北京100094 [2]解放军第九八四医院骨科,北京100094

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2022年第12期1784-1788,共5页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的 分析2020年-2021年北京市海淀区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体筛查有反应样本确证试验结果,为制定有效的艾滋病防控策略及提高实验室检测能力提供技术支持。方法 按照《全国艾滋病检测技术规范(2020年修订版)》要求,对北京市海淀区艾滋病筛查实验室送检的1 420份HIV抗体有反应样本进行免疫印迹法(WB)确证试验,采用SPSS 21.0软件对结果进行统计分析。结果 1 420份样本经确证试验,HIV-1抗体阳性493份(34.72%),阴性590份(41.55%),不确定337份(23.73%)。不同机构筛查的HIV抗体有反应样本确证阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中海淀区疾病预防控制中心仁爱社区送检样本阳性率最高(97.58%),血液中心最低(23.09%)。筛查试验单试剂有反应组与双试剂有反应组确证阳性率比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。男女确证阳性率比为12.71∶1,以21~40岁年龄组确证阳性率最高(39.95%)。HIV-1抗体阳性样本的带型以全条带和次全条带为主,其中gp160、gp120和p24条带检出率最高(100.00%),条带p55的检出率最低(40.77%)。在HIV抗体不确定样本中,单一带型p24出现率最高(69.14%)。结论 应加强对筛查实验室的质量控制,提高HIV抗体检测水平,加大不确定样本随访力度,扩大HIV抗体检测范围,以遏制艾滋病的蔓延。OBJECTIVE To analyze the confirmatory experimental results of HIV antibody screening responsive samples in Haidian District, Beijing from 2020 to 2021, and to provide technical support for formulating effective AIDS prevention and control strategies and improving laboratory testing capacities. METHODS In accordance with the requirements of the “National Guideline for Detection of AIDS in China(revised version in 2020)”, 1 420 HIV antibody responsive samples from AIDS screening laboratories in Haidian District, Beijing were tested for confirmation by Western blot(WB), and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS Of the 1 420 samples confirmed by the test, 493(34.72%) were positive for HIV-1 antibody, 590(41.55%) were negative, and 337(23.73%) were uncertain. There were statistically significant differences in the confirmed positive rate of HIV antibody-reactive samples screened by different institutions(P<0.01), among which, the confirmed positive rate of samples submitted by Renai Community of Haidian CDC was the highest(97.58%) and the confirmed positive rate of blood center was the lowest(23.09%).The positive rate of screening test was significantly different between single-reagent response group and the dual-reagent response group(P<0.05). The positive ratio of male to female was 12.71∶1, with the highest confirmed positive rate(39.95%) in the age group of 21-40 years old.The band patterns of HIV-1 antibody positive samples were mainly full band and sub-full bands, among which the detection rate of gp160, gp120 and p24 bands was the highest(100.00%) and the detection rate of p55 bands was the lowest(40.77%). In the uncertain HIV antibody samples, the detection rate of single-band p24 was the highest(69.14%). CONCLUSION In order to curb the spread of AIDS, it is necessary to strengthen the quality control of screening laboratories, improve the level of HIV antibody testing, increase the follow-up of uncertain samples, as well as expand the scope of HIV antibody detection.

关 键 词：艾滋病 人类免疫缺陷病毒 免疫印迹法 确证试验 筛查试验 HIV-1抗体 

分 类 号：R446.11[医药卫生—诊断学]