论地理标志的国际保护、争议与影响——兼论中欧、中美及相关地区协议  

On the International Protection,Controversies and Impacts of Geographical Indications:Also on the Sino-European,Sino-American and Related Regional Agreements

作　　者：孙远钊 Sun Yuanzhao

机构地区：[1]美国亚太法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第8期15-59,共45页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：已知最早的地理标志保护可以上溯到1411年法国国王查理六世对罗克福蓝纹奶酪的正式书函,此后围绕地理标志保护的各种问题和争议便一直未曾停歇。《TRIPS协定》确立了将“地理标志”作为单独一类知识产权保护的代表名称,并以三个条文进行规制;其中若干应决而未决的事项迄今未能获得共识。欧盟转而通过订立双边或地区性贸易协定的方式争取最大的保护与回报。《中欧地理标志协定》不但标志着中国地理标志“走出去”,也意味着未来欧、美两地涉及地理标志的争议很可能会“延烧”到中国。国内先后发生的“潼关肉夹馍”“逍遥镇胡辣汤”“库尔勒香梨”等批量商标维权事件,引发广泛关注,使尽快完善相关规制的需求更为迫切。文章追本溯源,从国际保护与争议的视角对地理标志的问题进行广泛的梳理,包括世界贸易组织争端处理案件的国际重大立法与司法发展,并触及诸如《中欧地理标志协定》《中美第一阶段经贸协议》《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》等国际协定的具体内涵和彼此间的交错与牵引关系等,由此导论地理标志已不再仅限于表彰商品的质量,而是成为代表和反映一个国家文化精神与经济发展的“颜面”和象征,背后需要相当文化底蕴的积累;法律上的赋权与保护只不过是提供了一个框架而已,相关的各方还需要给予极大的投入和悉心的呵护、培养,使整个体系的肌理发展和配套内涵更加充实完备。The earliest known case for geographical indications(GIs)protection may be traced to a royal letter in 1411 from King Charles VI of France,granting special protection over the cheese name"le Roquefort".Disputes revolving around GIs further intensifi ed and eventually become one of the most controversial focal points in the arena of international intellectual property protection.The TRIPS Agreement devoted three provisions on the subject,including,among other things,issues remained to be resolved at later days.This,however,triggered a constant and consistent controversies.The EU,as a result,changed strategies and tactics by now seeking directly engaging in bilateral or regional trade negotiations in the hope to obtain maximum protections and returns that it could not otherwise have achieved through previous multilateral negotiations at the WTO level.The EU-China Agreement on Cooperation and Protection of Geographical Indications which signed in 2020 and eff ective on 1 March,2021,not only symbolized the"going out"for Chinese GIs but also indicates that the disputes between US and EU goods may be burning over.Recent domestic developments involving massive litigations over the use of names such as"潼关肉夹馍(Tongguan Rougamo)","逍遥镇胡辣汤(Xiaoyao Town Hula Tang)"and"库尔勒香梨(Korla Fragrant Pear)"have stirred up signifi cant social outcry and interests in GIs-related issues,thus makes it all the more urgent to better the laws and regulations concerning GIs.This article intends to trace back to the roots of GIs protection and comb through the various controversies on GIs from the international perspective,including the cases before the WTO Dispute Settlement Body.It will touch on the substantive provisions of the China-EU GIs Agreement,the China-U.S.Phase-One Economic and Trade Agreement,and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement(RCEP),to dissect their respective meaning and the capstan eff ect among these agreements.Through these regulations,the article concludes that GIs have e

关 键 词：地理标志 商标 TRIPS协定 中欧地理标志协定 中美第一阶段经贸协议 区域全面经济伙伴关系协定 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学]