我国隐瞒重疾撤销婚的立法模式、立法理念与主要制度阐释  

Marriage of Concealment of Serious Illness:Model,Idea and Doctrinal Analysis

作　　者：高丰美[1] GAO Fengmei(College of Civil and Commercial Law,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an Shaanxi 710063,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学民商法学院,西安710063

出　　处：《成都理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期77-83,共7页Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21XFX013)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1053条对疾病婚的立法采用限定模式,将欺诈婚的欺诈事项限定于重大疾病。疾病婚的立法理念从“禁止疾病”转变为“禁止欺诈”,以婚姻欺诈理论构建了隐瞒重大疾病撤销婚制度。重大疾病须在客观上是重大的欺诈事项,即严重影响婚姻关系本质的疾病。重大疾病如实告知义务的履行应解释为主动告知,无需婚姻当事人另一方的询问。和一般受欺诈民事法律行为的撤销权相比,隐瞒重大疾病的婚姻撤销权在行使期限上具有共同性和特殊性,即受1年除斥期间的限制,但不受5年除斥期间的限制。Article 1053 of the “Civil Code” adopts a limited model to limit the fraudulent matters of fraudulent marriage to serious illness. The legislative idea of marriage concluded under disease has changed from “prohibition of disease” to “prohibition of fraud”, based on the theory of marriage fraud. A system of marriage annulment by concealing serious illness has been established. This determines the interpretation tone of important systems such as the definition of serious illness in Article 1053, the fulfillment of truthfully informing duty, and the time limit for exercising the right to annul the marriage. The serious illness must be an objectively significant fraudulent matter, that is, an illness that seriously affects the nature of the marital relationship. The fulfillment of truthfully informing duty should be interpreted as active informing without inquiry from the other party to the marriage. Compared with the general right of revocation for fraudulent civil juristic acts, the right of marriage annulment for concealing serious illness has common and special points in aspect of exercising time limit, which is limited by the one-year revocation period, but not by the five-year revocation period limit.

关 键 词：重疾撤销婚 婚姻欺诈 重大疾病 主动告知 行使期限 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]