基于遥感的柬埔寨金边市湿地景观对城市扩张时空响应  

Spatiotemporal response of wetland landscape to urban expansion in Phnom Penh,Cambodia determined based on remote sensing

作　　者：董丽[1,2] 安娜 孙根云 张爱竹[1,2] 矫志军 丁孙金衍[1,2] 葛洁 DONG Li;AN Na;SUN Genyun;ZHANG Aizhu;JIAO Zhijun;DING Sunjinyan;GE Jie(College of Oceanography and Space Informatics,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Bejing 100083,China;Sichuan Institute of Land Science and Technology,Sichuan Center of Satellite Application Technology,Chengdu 610045,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院,青岛266580 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,青岛266237 [3]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [4]四川省科学技术研究院(四川省卫星应用技术中心),成都610045

出　　处：《自然资源遥感》2022年第3期173-183,共11页Remote Sensing for Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“高异质性滨海湿地盐沼植被环境响应机理与优化分类方法研究”(编号:41801275);“复杂城市地表不透水面多源高分遥感成像机理与分层优化提取方法”(编号:41971292);科技部国家重点研发计划项目“亚大热点区域生态系统遥感综合监测”(编号:2019YFE0126700);国家自然科学基金项目“饮用水源地保护区环境风险源变化多尺度遥感探测机制与不确定性研究”(编号:41871270);广东省省级科技计划项目(编号:2018B020207002);广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项资金项目(编号:GDNRC[2020]051)共同资助。

摘　　要：金边市是澜湄流域典型城市,在“一带一路”背景下经济迅速发展、城市范围不断扩张,对周边湿地侵占严重。为充分了解金边市湿地在城市扩张下的响应特点,基于2000—2020年共5期Landsat影像提取金边市土地利用信息,并从面积和空间分布、变化强度以及景观格局等多个维度分析了湿地景观和城市扩张用地时空变化特征,最后利用相关系数构建了两者间的定量关系。结果表明,2000—2020年间金边市建设用地和裸地由中心向外扩张,面积持续增加,2001—2005年间扩张最为强烈;其空间结构更加集聚,形状更为复杂;湿地面积持续减少,沼泽和水田向建设用地和裸地转换强烈,尤其是沼泽湿地转换面积达124.06 km^(2),导致约1/3的沼泽消失;湿地景观格局趋于破碎化、规则化,连通度下降,其降温增湿、调节蓄洪等生态功能被削弱。金边市湿地变化与城市扩张显著相关,湿地与城市扩张用地在面积上的相关性高于0.97(p<0.01),扩张强度和景观格局方面也有较强相关性。为促进城市可持续发展,城市扩张应当合理规划空间布局,以集约型发展为主,必要时优先利用水田,尽可能减少对沼泽湿地的侵占和破坏。Phnom Penh is a typical city in the Lancang-Mekong River basin.It has rapidly developed and expanded under the Belt and Road Initiative and has continuously invaded its surrounding wetlands.To fully understand the response of the wetland landscape to the urban expansion in Phnom Penh,this study extracted the 2000—2020 land use data of this city from five phases of Landsat images,then analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the changes in wetland landscapes and the land use for urban expansion from the aspects of area change,spatial distribution,change intensity,and landscape pattern,and finally established the quantitative relationships between the wetland landscape and the land use for urban expansion using the correlation coefficient.The results are as follows.The construction land and bare land in Phnom Penh had expanded outwards from the center,and their sizes had constantly increased during 2000—2020,especially during 2001—2005.Their spatial structures were increasingly concentrated,and the shapes were more complex.The wetland area continuously decreased,and the swamps and paddy fields were converted to construction land and bare land intensively.In particular,swamps with an area of 124.06 km^(2) were converted to construction land and bare land.In other words,about one-third of the swamps disappeared.The wetland landscape tended to be distributed in a fragmented and regularized manner.Its connectivity degree decreased and its ecological functions such as lowering the temperature,increasing the humidity,and regulating and storing floodwater were weakened.These changes in the wetland in Phnom Penh are significantly related to urban expansion,with a correlation coefficient in terms of area greater than 0.97(p<0.01).There is also a strong correlation between the intensity of the urban expansion and the wetland landscape pattern.To maintain the sustainable development of the city,it is necessary to reasonably plan the spatial layout in the process of urban expansion.The urban expansion should be con

关 键 词：湿地 城市扩张 景观格局 柬埔寨金边 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] TP79[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]