基于平行四连杆机构的垂直入土式玉米穴播机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of vertical submerged corn hole seeder based on parallel four-bar linkage mechanism

作　　者：王祎才[1] 杨正[1] 李晓军[1] 杨海兰[1] 寇明杰 Wang Yicai;Yang Zheng;Li Xiaojun;Yang Hailan;Kou Mingjie(Gansu Polytechnic College of Animal Husbandry&Engineering,Wuwei,733006,China;Gansu Academy of Mechanical Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou,730010,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院,甘肃武威733006 [2]甘肃省机械科学研究院有限责任公司,兰州市730010

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第10期18-24,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：武威市2021年度市列科技计划项目(WW2101009);2020甘肃省教育厅创新能力提升工程项目(2020B329)。

摘　　要：传统穴播机由于穴播器固定在轮圈上,机具作业时成穴器的运动轨迹呈余摆线,轨迹在入土与出土时轨迹有交叉,在入土和出土时极易造成挑膜、撕膜和种穴错位等。在研究现有的垂直入土式玉米穴播机的基础上,设计出垂直入土式穴播机机构。该设计采用平行四连杆机构,确保成穴器在出土和入土过程中的垂直运动。穴播机的轨迹呈“拱形”,模拟人工作业过程的垂直动作,且保持垂直向下向上运动,播种过程中避免不挑膜、不撕膜,提高工作效率。播种作业过程中,成穴器在水平分速度上能够保证绝对速度为0,入土角为48.59°,接触地面点交叉曲线的宽度为10.798 mm,入土出土时的V型楔角宽度为10.956 mm。同时利用SolidWorks三维设计软件对整机进行参数化设计,使用SolidWorks motion和ADAMS对整机进行仿真分析。并在田间进行试验,结果表明垂直入土式玉米穴播机播种质量的各项指标均能够满足规范要求。空穴率为0.62%,播深25 mm的合格率为94.2%,种穴错位率为0.8%,地膜破损程度率为48.9 mm/m^(2),满足各项农艺技术指标。Since the traditional hole seeding machine is fixed on the wheel ring,the movement trajectory of the burrowing machine is cycloid during the operation of the machine and tool.The trajectory is crossed between the insertion and the excavation,which is easy to cause film picking,film tearing and seed point dislocation,etc.Based on the research of the existing vertical submerged corn planter,this paper designs a vertical submerged maize planter mechanism.The design adopts a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism to ensure the vertical movement of the burrower during the excavation and insertion process.The trajectory of the hole seeding machine is“arch”,which simulates the vertical action of the manual operation process,and maintains the vertical downward and upward movement.During the seeding process,it is avoided that the film is not picked or torn,and the work efficiency is improved.During the seeding operation,the burrower can ensure that the absolute speed is zero in the horizontal speed,the entry angle is 48.59°,the width of the intersection curve of the contact point with the ground is 10.798 mm,and the width of the V-shaped wedge angle at the time of excavation is 10.956 mm.At the same time,the parametric design of the whole machine is carried out by using SolidWorks 3D design software,and the simulation analysis of the whole machine is carried out by using SolidWorks motion and ADAMS.Trials in the field,showed that the sowing quality of the vertical submerged corn seeder could meet the requirements of the national agricultural standard.The porosity rate was 0.62%,the seeding depth reached 94.2%at 25 mm,the dislocation rate of the seed holes was 0.8%,and the film damage rate was 48.9 mm/m^(2),which met various agronomic technical indicators.

关 键 词：玉米穴播机 垂直入土 垂直出土 平行四连杆机构 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]