离层积水量估算方法及离层突水预测--以陕西招贤煤矿1304工作面突水为例  

Calculation method of separated water accumulation in the process of separated water inrush and its forecast:Taking the water inrush at 1304 working face of Zhaoxian Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province as an example

作　　者：许进鹏[1] 周宇 浦早红 庞思远 XU Jinpeng;ZHOU Yu;PU Zaohong;PANG Siyuan(School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Shaanxi Jinyuan Zhaoxian Mining Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]陕西金源招贤矿业有限公司,陕西宝鸡721000

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2022年第8期3083-3090,共8页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1805400)。

摘　　要：离层水害是近年来中国西部矿井常见且危害较大的水害形式。离层突水的过程是含水层中水首先进入离层空间,然后由于离层空间下部隔水层破裂后进入矿井。因此,计算离层积水量对预测离层突水水量和突水可能性有重要意义。陕西金源招贤煤矿1304工作面发生了3次离层突水,笔者分析总结了离层突水过程中的水位、水量变化规律,建立了离层积水的水文地质模型及水量预测方法并进行了计算,然后对离层突水量进行水量分割,并将分割水量与估算水量进行了对比,研究了积水量与离层空间特别是与离层高度之间的关系,分析了积水量和离层高度对突水的预测预报作用。通过以上工作,得出:①地下水水位异常下降可以作为离层突水的预警依据。如招贤1304工作面第1次离层突水前,水文长观孔的水位提前6 d开始下降,水位累计下降23.39 m,平均下降速度4.253 m/d;②以半无限含水层汇点模型为基础得到的离层积水量估算方法是可靠的,招贤煤矿3次突水案件中,地下水动力学的估算方法与水量分割法得到的离层积水量的误差为0.20%~8.35%;③根据地下水水位下降可以进行离层空间和离层高度的临界值计算,招贤矿3次出水时的离层高度为0.75,1.08,0.87 m,利用此临界值可以进一步预测离层突水可能性。论文提出的离层高度临界值,需要在今后的工作中进行进一步从力学理论方面开展研究和在大量突水案例中总结经验。Coal mine water hazard is one of the five major natural disasters in mines.Damage by water in separated stratum has been a frequent and harmful form of water damage in recent years.During the process of water inrush from separated stratum,the water of aquifer enters the separation space first,and then enters the mine due to the rupture of the waterproof layers below the separation space.Therefore,the calculation of the amount of stratifugic water is of great significance to the prediction of the amount of water inrush from separated stratum and the possibility of water inrush.Three water inrushes from separated stratum occurred in the 1304 working face of Jinyuan Zhaoxian Coal Mine,Shaanxi Province.This paper analyzes and summarizes the variation law of water level and water volume in the process of water inrush from separated stratum,establishes the hydrogeological model of stratifugic water,the prediction method of water volume and calculates it.Then it divides the amount of water inrush from separated stratum,compares the divided water volume with the estimated water volume,studies the relationship between the amount of water accumulated and the separation space,especially the separation height,and validates the forecasting effect of the amount of water accumulated and separation height on water inrush.Through the above work,it is concluded that:①The abnormal drop of groundwater level can be used as a warning basis for the water inrush from separated stratum.For example,before the first water inrush from separated stratum at the 1304 working face of Zhaoxian Coal Mine,the water level of long hydrological observation hole began to decline six days in advance,with a cumulative drop of 23.39 m and an average decline rate of 4.253 m/d.②Based on the semi-infinite confluent model of an aquifer,the estimation method of the amount of stratifugic water is reliable.In the three cases of water inrush in the Zhaoxian Coal Mine,the error between the estimation method of groundwater dynamics and the method of segmenting

关 键 词：水害预警 离层水害 积水量 水文地质模型 离层高度临界值 

分 类 号：TD74[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]