增碳减氮对植烟土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of Different Measures of Increasing Carbon and Decreasing Nitrogen on Soil Microbes in Tobacco Planting Fields

作　　者：董鸣豪 武云杰[1] 李钠钾[2] 汪忠坪 王保兴 汪代斌[2] 马啸 赵龙杰 叶协锋[1] 李奇[5] 江厚龙[2] DONG Minghao;WU Yunjie;LI Najia;WANG Zhongping;WANG Baoxing;WANG Daibin;MA Xiao;ZHAO Longjie;YE Xiefeng;LI Qi;JIANG Houlong(Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;China National Tobacco Corporation Chongqing Company,Chongqing 400023,China;Yunnan Tobacco Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650202,China;Chongqing Tobacco Company Fengdu Branch,Chongqing 408200,China;Zhejiang Tobacco Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司,重庆400023 [3]云南中烟工业有限责任公司,昆明650202 [4]重庆市烟草公司丰都分公司,重庆408200 [5]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,杭州310008

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2022年第4期22-31,共10页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司项目[A2020NY01-1303(1);(A20201NY01-1304)]。

摘　　要：为探究不同增碳减氮措施对植烟土壤养分及微生物群落结构的影响,以云烟116为研究对象,设置常规施肥(CF)和3个增碳减氮处理[常规施肥减氮10%,分别加施菇渣有机肥750 kg/hm^(2)(MO)、高碳基肥600 kg/hm^(2)(HB)、生物有机肥750 kg/hm^(2)(BO)],测定其土壤碳氮养分及微生物群落结构。结果表明,MO处理土壤全碳和有机质含量较常规施肥CF分别显著增加了23.62%和25.05%;与CF相比,MO处理酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门两个优势菌门相对丰度更高,慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)相对丰度也明显高于其他处理;HB处理上述菌群相对丰度仅次于MO处理,BO处理上述菌群相对丰度最低,而镰刀菌属、腐质霉属等致病菌属在HB处理中相对丰度最低。研究表明,菇渣有机肥配合减氮措施在促进土壤碳、氮养分释放,改善土壤微生物群落结构,提升养分利用率方面效果最佳。In order to explore the effects of different carbon-increasing and nitrogen-reducing measures on soil nutrients and microbial community structure of tobacco planting fields,taking flue-cured tobacco Yunyan 116 as the research object,conventional fertilization(CF)and 3 carbon-increasing and nitrogen-reducing treatments[On the basis of conventional fertilization,reduce nitrogen by 10%and add mushroom residue organic fertilizer 750 kg/hm^(2)(MO),high carbon base fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)(HB),and biological organic fertilizer 750 kg/hm^(2)(BO)]were conducted,and the soil carbon and nitrogen nutrients and microbial community structure were determined.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization CF,the contents of total carbon and organic matter in the soil treated with MO were significantly increased by 23.62%and 25.05%,respectively;The relative abundance of the two dominant bacterial phyla,Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi,was higher in MO treatment,and the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium was also significantly higher than that in other treatments.The relative abundance of the above bacterial groups in the HB treatment was just lower than the MO treatment,and the relative abundance of the above bacterial groups in the BO treatment was the lowest.The relative abundance of HB treatment was the lowest among pathogenic bacteria such as Humicola and Fusarium.The results from this study have shown that mushroom residue organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction measures has the best effect in promoting the release of soil carbon and nitrogen nutrients,improving soil microbial community structure,and improving nutrient utilization.

关 键 词：有机肥 减量施氮 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]