化肥减量配施生物炭对植烟土壤氮素淋失的影响  

Effects of Reduced Fertilization and Biochar Application on Nitrogen Leaching from Tobacco-growing Soils

作　　者：褚继登 闫慧峰[1] 王树声[1] 李彩斌 张若男 孙帅帅[4] 张久权[1] CHU Jideng;YAN Huifeng;WANG Shusheng;LI Caibin;ZHANG Ruonan;SUN Shuaishuai;ZHANG Jiuquan(Tobacco Research Institute,CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Shanxi Kunming Cigarette Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030000,China;Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China;Technology Center of China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Company,Limited,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]山西昆明烟草有限责任公司,太原030000 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [4]山东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,济南250014

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2022年第4期40-47,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD201104);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03);贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目(2018520500240059)。

摘　　要：为明确化肥减量和添加生物炭对植烟土壤氮素淋失的影响,采用室内土柱试验,研究了不同施肥处理(常规施肥,化肥减量30%,化肥减量30%+5%生物炭,不施肥)下,褐土、红壤、紫色土中有效氮淋失量变化。结果表明,淋洗前期各形态氮的淋失量较大,随时间推移逐渐减弱。淋失的氮主要为可溶性总氮及硝态氮。与常规施肥相比,化肥减量处理的可溶性总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量分别减少12.0%~21.8%、8.9%~22.5%、12.7%~25%;化肥减量+生物炭的处理能够明显延缓土壤中氮素淋失出现的时间,可溶性总氮、硝态氮淋失量分别减少26.6%~35.4%、36.5%~59.2%。总之,化肥减量或添加生物炭能减少土壤中可溶性总氮及硝态氮的淋失量。In order to clarify the effects of fertilizer reduction and biochar application on nitrogen leaching loss in different tobacco planting soils,laboratory soil column experiments were conducted to study different fertilization treatments(conventional fertilization,fertilizer reduction by 30%,fertilizer reduction by 30%+5%biochar,no fertilization)on leaching loss of available nitrogen(N)from brown soil,red soil,and purple soil.The results showed that the leaching intensity of all forms of N was strong in the early stage of leaching,and gradually decreased with time.The leachate contained mainly total soluble N and nitrate N.Compared with conventional fertilization,the total amount leached of soluble N,nitrate N,and ammonium N decreased by 12.0%to 21.8%,8.9%to 22.5%,and 12.7%to 25%,respectively.Fertilizer reduction and biochar application significantly delayed the leaching time of available nitrogen in the three soils,and decreased the total soluble nitrogen and nitrate N in leachate by 26.6%to 35.4%,and 36.5%to 59.2%,respectively.In conclusion,fertilizer reduction and biochar application can decrease the leaching loss of total soluble N and nitrate N from these soils.

关 键 词：土柱 减量化施肥 降雨强度 土壤类型 氮素淋失 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]