生物多样性视角下的植物花粉致敏问题溯源及景观设计对策研究  

Study on the History of Pollinosis and Landscape Strategies from the Perspective of Biodiversity

作　　者：龚惠莉 翟俊 GONG Huili;ZHAI Jun

机构地区：[1]苏州大学金螳螂建筑学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第8期111-116,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：2020年度江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(编号SJCX20_1070)资助。

摘　　要：工业革命后,世界花粉过敏症发病率不断提高。回溯了大量医学、生态、环境等领域的相关研究,从生物多样性的视角总结了花粉致敏现象加剧的原因、作用机制和影响路径。研究发现,伴随着工业革命后普遍的生境退化和生物多样性丧失,人体免疫调节回路中的重要环节——环境微生物群落也在改变和丧失,进而引发了人体免疫功能障碍,表现为过敏等疾病发病率的上升;而部分绿地中致敏植物种植密度高、植物多样性低,提升了植物花粉致敏原的浓度,更增加了居民罹患过敏相关疾病的风险。基于上述发现,提出从源头对致敏植物进行识别和致敏性评估,因地制宜、合理选用,从而控制空气中的花粉致敏原;在传播过程中利用空间营造阻挡消解一定的致敏花粉;通过生境修复和再野化环境微生物群落为人体提供有益的免疫保护,帮促还原人体微生物与环境微生物在长期互动中形成的平衡状态。为常见的花粉致敏问题提供了景观研究思路,为健康导向的景观设计提供了创新视角和理论借鉴,以期促进基于自然的健康干预计划与环境修复相结合,推动生物多样性保护与人类健康共同发展。The incidence of pollen allergy in the world has been increasing after the industrial revolution.This paper reviews relevant studies on pollen allergy in medicine,ecology,and environmental science,and explores the causes and possible mechanisms of its exacerbation from the perspective of biodiversity.It was concluded that along with the widespread habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity following the industrial revolution,the environmental microbial community,an important part of the human immune regulatory circuit,was massively lost and altered,which in turn triggered immune dysfunction in humans,manifesting itself as an increase in the incidence of diseases such as allergies.Conclusions also include that high density of allergenic plant species and low overall plant diversity in green spaces increase the concentration of aeroallergens and raise the risk of allergyrelated diseases among residents.Based on the above results,this paper proposes three strategies,one is to identify allergenic plants and assess their allergenicity when designing,so that plants can be scientifically selected based on local conditions and thus the release of aeroallergens can be controlled;the second is to block and dissipate a certain amount of plant aeroallergens in the process of dispersal through specific spatial designs;and the third is to provide beneficial immune protection for human through habitat restoration and microbiotas rewilderness so as to restore the equilibrium between human microbiotas and environmental microbiotas formed over a long history of interaction.This paper provides a landscape insight for the commonplace pollinosis issue,with the view to promoting the integration of nature-based health intervention and investment for ecological restoration,thus promoting the codevelopment of biodiversity conservation and human health.

关 键 词：园林植物 花粉过敏症 致敏植物 环境微生物群落 健康导向的景观设计策略 基于自然的途径 公共健康 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]