突发公共卫生事件下中外信息需求对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Information Needs in Public Health Emergencies

作　　者：李蕾 王傲 王卫 黄崑 Li Lei;Wang Ao;Wang Wei;Huang Kun(Department of Information Management,School of Government,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院信息管理系,北京100875

出　　处：《图书情报工作》2022年第16期105-116,共12页Library and Information Service

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“社交媒体环境下的学术型用户生成内容质量评估研究”(项目编号:19CTQ032)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]不同文化背景的民众对于健康信息的需求不同,探求突发公共卫生事件下中外健康信息需求差异,有助于为不同文化背景的用户提供有针对性的健康信息服务,进而对在全球化时代应对突发公共卫生事件提供助力.[方法/过程]从跨文化的角度出发,运用内容分析法,从中外社会化问答平台中新冠肺炎相关的提问中提取信息需求,并根据舆情演化阶段将用户提问划分成5个时期,对用户健康信息需求及随时间演化方面的异同进行比较分析.[结果/结论]中外社会化问答平台的用户在核心信息需求类别上大致相同,但是在一些信息需求类别的关注点上有所差异,比如对于"临床表现"的关注点不同.中外关注度较高的信息需求类别均为"疫情现状及趋势""社会影响"和"预防",但在"公众情绪"需求方面国外用户明显高于国内用户.另外,在信息需求演化方面,国内用户在疫情发展的不同阶段关注的信息需求类别变化较大,而国外用户在各阶段的需求基本稳定,并且国外用户较国内用户在各个阶段的信息需求种类更为多样.基于跨文化相关理论,这些中外民众在突发公共卫生事件下的信息需求的差异体现出了中外民众的思维和文化差异.[Purpose/Significance]People with different cultural backgrounds have different needs for health information.Exploring the differences in health information needs between Chinese and foreign countries under public health emergencies is helpful to provide targeted health information services for users with different cultural backgrounds,and furthermore,provide assistance in responding to public health emergencies in the era of globalization.[Method/Process]From a cross-cultural perspective,this paper used content analysis to extract information needs from COVID-19-related questions on Chinese and foreign social Q&A platforms,and divided user questions into five periods according to the evolution of public opinions.The similarities and differences of users'health information needs and their evolution over time were compared and analyzed.[Result/Conclusion]The users of Chinese and foreign social Q&A platforms are roughly the same in the core information needs categories,but they differ in the concerns of some information needs categories,such as the focus on"clinical manifestations"is different.The categories of information needs that Chinese and foreign people pay more attention to are"epidemic status and trends","social impact"and"prevention",but foreign users are significantly higher than Chinese users in terms of"public sentiment"needs.In addition,in terms of the evolution of information needs,the categories of information need that domestic users pay attention to at different stages of the epidemic have changed greatly,while the needs of foreign users at various stages are basically stable,and foreign users have more diverse information needs than domestic users at various stages.Based on cross-cultural related theories,the differences in the information needs of Chinese and foreign people under public health emergencies reflect their thinking and cultural differences.

关 键 词：健康信息需求 突发公共卫生事件 社会化问答平台 跨文化对比 

分 类 号：G203[文化科学—传播学]