试飞员选拔年龄和飞行时间及人格特征调查  

Investigation on qualification criteria of age,flying hours and personality characteristics among test pilots

作　　者：王进 刘佳佳 于川 吴静[2] 齐建林 Jin Wang;Jiajia Liu;Chuan Yu;Jing Wu;Jianlin Qi(Department of Aviation Psychology,Medical Center of Air Force,PLA,Beijing 100142,China;Air Force Clinical Institute,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心航空心理研究室,北京100142 [2]安徽医科大学空军临床学院,合肥230032

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2022年第2期77-81,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：“十三五”后勤科研重点项目(BKJ15J004);空军装备基金(KJ20191A080362)。

摘　　要：目的探讨试飞员选拔的年龄和飞行时间及人格特征,为制订试飞员选拔技术规范提供理论基础。方法随机抽取36名试飞大队试飞员,从中选取飞行时间≥2500 h的30名试飞员进行访谈,对访谈资料编码整理,形成试飞员选拔的年龄及飞行时间。36名试飞员完成卡特尔16人格因素测验(Cattell’’s 16 Personality Factor,16PF)和明尼苏达多相人格测验(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)评估,按照年龄分为30~39岁组和40~49岁组,比较不同年龄组试飞员16PF和MMPI得分。结果歼击机试飞员选拔年龄适用条件为30~35岁,飞行时间为1000 h以上;轰炸机及运输机试飞员选拔年龄适用条件为30~35岁,无飞行时间限制;两类试飞员选拔均应符合高性能战斗机飞行员体格要求。MMPI得分中,30~39岁组试飞员的校正量表得分显著高于40~49岁组(U=97.50,P=0.040),精神分裂量表得分则显著低于40~49岁组(U=95.50,P=0.035),其他人格特征量表得分组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论不同机种试飞员选拔对飞行时间的要求不同。不同年龄段试飞员人格特征差异不显著,但仍需进一步研究试飞员选拔的年龄标准。Objective To investigate the qualification criteria of age,flying hours and personality characteristics among test pilots,and to provide theoretical foundation on development of test pilots qualification strategies.Methods Thirty-six test pilots were randomly selected to complete Cattell's 16 Personality Factor(16PF)and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)assessments.They were divided into 30-39 years group and 40-49 years group.The 16PF and MMPI scores were compared between different age groups.Among which,30 test pilots,who were experienced test flight for over 2500 h,were selected for semi-structure interview to sample their opinion on the requirements of age and flying hours of being a test pilot.Results The statistic of interview showed that the age and flying hours requirements of fighter test pilots would be 30-35 years old and>1000 h respectively,while 30-35 years old and unrestricted flying hours for the test pilots of bomber and transporter.The selection should meet the physical requirements of high-performance fighter pilots for those 2 kinds of test pilot.In MMPI assessments,correction scale scores of the test pilots in 30-39 years group were significantly lower than those in 40-49 years group(U=97.50,P=0.040),but their schizophrenia scale scores were significantly higher than those in 40-49 years group(U=95.50,P=0.035).There was no significant difference between groups in other personality scales(all P>0.05).Conclusions The test pilots for different aircraft types ask for different flying hours requirements.Even the fighter and bomber/transporter ask for test pilot′s different flying hours requirements,but due to the insignificance on personality characteristics between different age groups,it would be necessary to investigate further on the selection criteria for different age segments.

关 键 词：交谈 心理学 MMPI 年龄 飞行时间 人格特征 试飞员 

分 类 号：R851.3[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]