西部民族地区的“小额多数纠纷”:机理与治理  

“Small Claim Class Disputes” in the Ethnic Region in Western China: Mechanism and Governance

作　　者：熊征 XIONG Zheng(School of Law and Sociology,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610039)

机构地区：[1]西华大学法学与社会学学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期119-128,共10页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：四川省社会科学基金一般项目“四川‘三州’民族地区社会治安‘网格化’治理机制创新研究”(项目编号:SC21B117)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在西部民族地区伴随社会转型的矛盾纠纷中,经济、消费、环境等领域的侵权行为(如产品质量损害、欺诈服务、超标排污)以“小额多数纠纷”的形式会扰乱正常的经济和生活秩序。由于权益侵害的隐蔽性和个体所受损害的小额性,小额多数纠纷未受到理论界与实务界的重视。理论研究上的匮乏,加之学界聚焦“大额多数纠纷”的问题意识,政策更为关注“抓大放小”,导致社会公共安全与风险治理有效性不够、延展性不足、重心下移难。从初步调查来看,西部民族地区的小额多数纠纷具有易发性和较强的抗干扰性。行政部门的事后干预无法完全有效纠正小额多数侵权行为;司法解决亦难以发挥实际作用;社会组织介入因覆盖面小、创新不足,存在明显的能力短板。多数违法侵权行为人得以逃避责任,默默忍受的小额权益受侵害方在冤抑情绪的累积中,往往出现“维权”行动的扭曲。小额多数纠纷容易成为西部民族地区社会公共安全领域的“灰犀牛”,它们一旦演变为公共安全事件,将危及社会稳定,影响乡村振兴进程。为提高西部民族地区小额多数纠纷治理的有效性和科学化水平,应及早建立和完善以“干预的有效性、解决的依法性和治理的公共性”为架构的综合治理体系,防范问题升级,实现此类纠纷的及时治理。In the conflicts and disputes associated with social transformation in western ethnic areas, the infringement in economy, consumption, environment and other fields(such as product quality damage, fraudulent services, excessive pollution discharges) will disturb the normal economic and living order in the form of “small claim class disputes”. Due to the hidden nature of rights and small amount of interests infringement upon individuals, most small claim disputes have not been paid attention to by the theoretical and practical circles. Lack of theoretical research, coupled with the academic circle’s research preference focusing on collective protests and incidents(CPIs), has guided the administrators to put too much emphasis on the resolution on CPIs, while ignoring the existence of “small claim class disputes”, resulting in lack of effectiveness of social and public security and risk governance, lack of extension and difficulty in specify local issues. Based on preliminary research in the ethnic region in western China, the article finds that the small claim class disputes happened in western China are prone to happen and have high anti-interference performance. The post-intervention of the administrative department cannot completely and effectively correct the infringement behavior of small claim infringement. Judicial solutions are also difficult to play a practical role. Due to the limited coverage of social organizations and the lack of innovation, there are obvious capacity incompetence. Most infringers can hold their illegal gains, and claimers(the injured parties) in small claim class disputes have to have their negative emotions accumulated and are prone to safeguard their rights in a distorted way. The small claim class disputes are prone to become the “grey rhinoceros” in social public security field, and once it escalated to public security event, the social stability would be endangered and the process of rural revitalization would be jeopardized. In order to improve the governance level

关 键 词：小额多数纠纷 西部民族地区 社会控制 治理 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]