桂北地区不同油菜品种对氮磷钾肥的响应研究  

Responses of the Different Rapeseed Cultivars to Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers in Northern Guangxi

作　　者：刘助生 钟丽 廖云云 张宗急 明日 李云娟 方鹏 韦永忠 LU Zhusheng;ZHONG Li;LIAO Yunyun;ZHANG Zongji;MING Ri;LI Yunjuan;FANG Peng;WEI Yongzhong(Guangxi Academy of Tea Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541000,China;Guilin Agricultural Science Research Center,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China;Nanning Vegetable Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;Guangxi Huatian Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000,China;Rongshui County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Rongshui,Guangxi 545300,China)

机构地区：[1]广西茶叶科学研究所,广西桂林541000 [2]桂林市农业科学研究中心,广西桂林541006 [3]南宁市蔬菜研究所,广西南宁530002 [4]广西华田农业科技有限公司,广西南宁530000 [5]融水县农业农村局,广西融水545300

出　　处：《作物研究》2022年第4期320-326,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20150117-7)。

摘　　要：为广西主推油菜品种合理施肥提供依据,在大田试验条件下,利用当前推广的4个油菜品种(丰油730、阳光131、阳光2009和浙油杂108)研究广西油菜主产区不同油菜品种对氮、磷和钾肥的响应,并比较不同品种农艺性状、产量及其构成、氮磷钾肥利用效率的差异。结果显示,在氮磷钾配施(对照)处理下阳光131产量最高,达到2875 kg/hm^(2),其对土壤缺乏氮磷钾(-N、-P、-K)的耐受性较强;阳光2009在对照处理下产量最低,为2383 kg/hm^(2),其对土壤缺乏氮磷较敏感;浙油杂108则表现出对缺钾较敏感,且耐受性较弱。不同油菜品种在产量构成及农艺性状上对氮磷钾肥的响应存在差异,其中氮素对株高、最低分枝位、主序长度、根颈粗、有效分枝数、单株角果数、主茎角果数影响最大。阳光2009在氮磷钾缺乏时显著减产的原因是养分利用效率和土壤依存效率偏低,阳光131养分利用效率和土壤依存效率高,属于高效节肥品种。For effective fertilization of leading rapeseed cultivars in Guangxi,a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(N,P and K)fertilizers on agronomic traits,seed yield and its components of 4 kinds of rapeseed(FY730,YG131,YG2009 and ZYZ108).Results showed that seed yield of YG131 in the control was 2875 kg/hm^(2)which was the maximum production compared with other cultivars,and YG131 had strong tolerance for low soil N,P and K nutrient under the-N、-P and-K treatments.Seed yield of YG2009 in the control was 2383 kg/hm^(2)which was the minimum production among the all cultivars.YG2009 had strong sensitivity and weak tolerance for low soil N and P nutrient under-N and-P treatments.ZYZ108 had strong sensitivity and weak tolerance for low soil K under-K treatments.There was difference in agronomic traits,seed yield and its components to response N,P and K fertilizers among all rapeseed cultivars.Nitrogen had big effect on plant height,lowest branch site,main stem height,root diameter,effective branch number,pod number per plant and pod number per main stem.Seed yield of YG2009 under-N,-P and-K treatments was always the lowest among the cultivars for lower recovery efficiency and soil dependent rate.Seed yield of YG131 under-N,-P and-K treatments was the maximum among the cultivars for higher recovery efficiency and soil depen-dent rate.

关 键 词：油菜 品种 施肥 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.406.2[农业科学—作物学]