四川省“十三五”审定的中籼迟熟水稻品种特征分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of the Registered Mid-late Indica Rice Varieties in Sichuan Province during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period(2016-2020)

作　　者：王晨 张林[2,3] 陈琳 WANG Chen;ZHANG Lin;CHEN Lin(Deyang Financial Investment Evaluation Center,Deyang,Sichuan 618000,China;Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Deyang,Sichuan 618000,China;Luzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center,Luzhou,Sichuan 646100,China)

机构地区：[1]德阳市财政投资评审中心,四川德阳618000 [2]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业农村部西南水稻分子生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川德阳618000 [3]国家水稻改良中心四川泸州分中心,四川泸州646100

出　　处：《作物研究》2022年第4期347-353,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2020YF0107);四川省农转资金项目(21NZZH0018);四川农科院人才基金(2020LJRC023)。

摘　　要：为了分析四川省新审定的中籼迟熟水稻品种的主要特性及存在的问题,为水稻育种研究提供参考,对“十三五”期间(2016—2020年)四川省审定的82个中籼迟熟品种的产量、农艺性状、品质和抗病性等表现情况进行了统计分析。结果表明:97.6%的审定品种为三系杂交稻;科研事业单位参与选育了85%的品种,企业自主选育仅占15%;各品种区试产量为8.21~13.2 t/hm^(2),平均产量8.92 t/hm^(2),比对照品种平均增产5.79%;各性状对产量的直接贡献大小表现为有效穗数>千粒质量>穗粒数>生育期>结实率;三等以上优质品种比率为39.02%;垩白是影响品种优质米达标率的关键因素;审定品种均为中感或感稻瘟病品种,稻瘟病级别与产量水平呈显著或极显著负相关。四川省新审定品种有呈大穗型向穗粒兼顾型转变的趋势,产量和品质协同提升明显,但以企业为主体的品种科技创新体系尚未形成,还需加强低垩白种质资源的发掘和应用,关注两系杂交稻的选育以及抗病性的提高。In order to analyze the main characteristics and existing problems of medium indica late maturing rice varieties newly approved in Sichuan Province,and to provide reference for rice breeding research.The yield,agronomic characters,quality and disease resistance of 82 late-maturing medium indica varieties approved in Sichuan Province during the 13th five-year Plan period(from 2016 to 2020)were counted.The results showed that 97.6%of the approved varieties were three-line hybrid rice,85%of the varieties were selected by scientific research institutions,only 15%were selected by enterprises,and the average yield in the regional trial was between 8.21~13.2 t/hm^(2),with an average of 8.92 t/hm^(2),which was 5.79%higher than that of the control varieties.The direct contribution of each character to yield was as follows:effective panicle number>1000-grain quality>grain number per spike>growth period>seed setting rate.The ratio of thirdclass high-quality varieties was 39.02%,and chalkiness was the key factor affecting the standard rate of high-quality rice.The approved varieties were moderately susceptible or susceptible to rice blast,and disease resistance was significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with yield level.The new approved varieties in Sichuan Province have changed from large panicle type to panicle-grain type,and the yield and quality have improved significantly,but the variety scientific and technological innovation system dominated by enterprises has not yet been formed.It is also necessary to strengthen the exploration and application of low chalky germplasm resources,the breeding of two-line hybrid rice and the improvement of disease resistance.

关 键 词：水稻 品种 中籼迟熟 特性分析 四川 

分 类 号：S511.02[农业科学—作物学]