ITER放射性废物管理现状和对CFETR放射性废物管理的启示  

The status of ITER radioactive waste management and enlightenment to CFETR radioactive waste management

作　　者：王绪 潘社奇[1] 赵庆凯 张海玲[1] 李瑞[1] 陈长安[1] 王建强[2] WANG Xu;PAN Sheqi;ZHAO Qingkai;ZHANG Hailing;LI Rui;CHEN Chang'an;WANG Jianqiang(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Jiangyou 621907,China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,江油621907 [2]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《核技术》2022年第9期85-93,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：ITER中心资助项目(No.CNDA_2021_MAN);国家自然科学基金(No.11705169);中国工程物理研究院材料研究所特聘人才基金(No.TP02201703)资助。

摘　　要：国际热核聚变实验堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)将在几年后进入热核聚变运行实验阶段,会产生各类含氚的放射性废物。ITER设计了一整套放射性废物管理和存储体系,用于管理不同类型废物。ITER将这些废物分类为极低放废物(Très Faible Activité,TFA)、低放固体和液体废物(TypeA)、中放和含长寿命核素的废物(TypeB)和纯氚废物(Purely Tritiated,PT)。针对各类废物的特点,ITER设计了不同的管理方案,以将废物送往法国相应处置厂处置。了解ITER放射性废物管理现状,对促进中国聚变工程实验堆(Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor,CFETR)放射性废物安全管理,掌握含氚废物处理技术,获得社会公众的理解和支持,具有重要的参考意义。通过梳理和分析ITER放射性废物管理体系,提出了CFETR放射性废物管理研究的建议。建议从废物接收标准、氚排放限值、处理工艺等方面开展系统研究和评估。International thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER)will enter the experimental stage of thermonuclear fusion operation in a few years,and will produce various kinds of tritium-containing radioactive wastes(tritiated wastes).ITER has designed a complete radioactive waste management and storage system,for the management of different types of wastes.ITER classifies these wastes as very low level waste(Très Faible Activité,TFA),low and intermediate level short-lived waste(Type A),intermediate level long-lived waste(Type B)and purely tritiated waste(PT).For the sake of sending these wastes to the disposal sites of France,ITER has designed different management schemes for each kind of wastes.Studying and understanding the current status of ITER radioactive waste management,is of great importance to promote the safety management of radioactive waste in Chinese fusion engineering test reactor(CFETR),to master the tritium-containing waste treatment technology and win wide recognition in the society.By sorting out and analyzing ITER radioactive wastes management system,several research subjects and suggestions related with CFETR waste management are put forward.Much work needs to be done for CFETR waste management system.It is recommended to carry out systematic research and evaluation in terms of waste acceptance criteria,tritium release limits,and waste treatment processes.

关 键 词：ITER 放射性废物 管理现状 中国聚变工程实验堆 

分 类 号：TL942[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]