Genesis of Silica-phosphatic Nodules with Small Shelly Fossils Preserved in the Lowermost Cambrian of South China  

作　　者：QIU Hao FENG Lianjun CHU Xuelei LI Luoyang ZHANG Xingliang LI Jinhua 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [2]College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [3]Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ministry of Education,College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China [4]State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China

出　　处：《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》2022年第4期1294-1307,共14页地质学报（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.41890843 and 41920104009);the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.311021003)。

摘　　要：Silica-phosphatic nodules are abundant in black shales of the Yanjiahe Formation in the Three Gorges Area of South China,which is correlated to the Fortunian Stage,Terreneuvian Series,Cambrian System.The nodules are rich in small shelly fossils and hence attract the attention of numerous paleontologists and sedimentary geologists.However,the genesis of the nodules and the preservation of the small shelly fossils are poorly understood.Here we analyze morphological,structural,mineralogical and chemical features of the nodules in multiscale using a combination of micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser Raman spectroscopy.Results reveal that nodules are concentric in chemical and mineralogical compositions,comprising a silica-phosphatic core encrusted sequentially by a phosphatic zone,a siliceous zone and a very thin pyrite outer rim.The black shales hosting the nodules demonstrate a laminated texture of alternating clayey and silty laminae,which were respectively deposited in sulfidic/less sulfidic,high/low production,intense/weak chemical weathering conditions.The phosphogenesis of the nodules resulted in the phosphatization of small shelly fossils,which prevented the fossils from being dissolved during diagenesis,whereas the silica encrustation sealed the fossils within the nodules and thus protected the fossils from alteration by deep burial and surface weathering.

关 键 词：silica-phosphatic nodule small shelly fossils Yanjiahe Formation TAPHONOMY Cambrian 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]