以色列荒漠农业开发模式研究:借鉴与思考  

Study on the Development Model of Desert Agriculture in Israel:Reference and Reflection

作　　者：陈闻君[1,2] 孙浩轩 Chen Wenjun;Sun Haoxuan(Research Institute of Silk Road Economy and Management,Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumqi 830000,China;School of Economics,Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学丝路经济与管理研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆财经大学经济学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农垦经济》2022年第9期85-92,共8页Xinjiang State Farms Economy

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(项目编号:XJEDU2020SI005);新疆维吾尔自治区社科基金项目(项目编号:20BJL059);新疆财经大学研究生科研项目(项目编号:XJUFE2021K045)。

摘　　要：以色列是世界上荒漠农业开发走在前列的国家,本文基于以色列国荒漠农业发展历史,总结了以色列国农业发展的制度优势以及“以色列模式”在长期发展中存在的局限性:农作物种植结构失衡、农业用水倾斜带来寻租行为、传统农庄模式逐渐与市场节奏脱节以及废水重用带来健康隐患等。基于分析认为中国农业发展借鉴以色列荒漠农业开发模式的核心在于:一是要做到制度学习与科技学习并举。二是要根据区域资源禀赋不同制定差异化的区域农业发展对策。三是农业合作组织改革的着力点要与市场发展方向保持趋同。四是要认清国情差异,恪守粮食红线,合理分配作物种植比例。Israel is the leading country in the development of desert agriculture in the world.Based on the development history ofdesert agriculture in Israel and its institutional advantages of agricultural development,this paper summarizes the limitations of the“Israeli model”in the long-term development,such as the imbalance of crop planting structure,the rent-seeking behavior causedby the imbalanced distribution of agricultural water,the gradual disconnection of the traditional farm model from the market devel-opment,and the health risks caused by waste water reuse.Based on the analysis,it is believed that the core of China’s agriculturaldevelopment to learn from Israel’s desert agricultural development model lies in the following.First,it is necessary to carry outboth institutional and scientific and technological study.Second,we should formulate differentiated regional agricultural develop-ment strategies according to different regional resource endowments.Third,the focus of the reform of agricultural cooperative orga-nizations should be kept in line with the direction of market development.Fourth,it is necessary to recognize the differences in na-tional conditions,strictly abide by the primary line agriculture,and rationally distribute the proportion of crops planted.

关 键 词：以色列 农业现代化 农业合作组织 水资源 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F338.2