军事化与土匪化:近代豫西南地方势力的变异  

Militarization and Banditry: Variation of Local Forces in Southwestern Henan in Modern Times

作　　者：刘平[1] LIU Ping(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第5期86-96,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：晚清以降,区域性军事力量(晚清督抚势力、湘淮军、民国军阀)迅速崛起,成为影响近代政治走势的重大因素,同时造成了民间势力的异化及其对地方政治的影响。近代豫西南地方社会结构的变化导致民间势力迅速“匪化”。一方面,与官府联系紧密的地方精英在编练团练、防匪自卫的过程中逐渐掌控地方武装,民间军事化尤其是绅权“武化”的色彩日益明显;另一方面,普通乡绅在社会资源的争夺中处于边缘地位,他们为了在衰败的社会环境中求生存,开始与地主豪强甚至匪股联合。这两方面的因素加剧了豫西南民间势力的“土匪化”进程。Since the late Qing Dynasty,the local military forces,including the forces of governors,the Xiang Huai(湘淮)Army and the warlords of Republic of China rose rapidly.These military forces became a major factor affecting the trend of modern politics,causing the alienation of folk forces and exerting influences on local politics.The change of the local social structure in modern southwest Henan led to the rapid banditry of the folk forces.On the one hand,the local elites,who were closely connected with the government,gradually took control of the local armed forces in the process of organizing and training local troops,guarding against bandits and defending themselves,which led to the civilian militarization,especially the militarization of country gentry’s power;on the other hand,the ordinary country gentry who was in a marginal position in the competition for social resources began to unite with the landlords and strongmen and even bandit so as to survive in the declining social environment.The above two factors aggravated the process of“banditry”of the folk forces in southwest Henan.

关 键 词：民间势力 “匪化” 豫西南 社会生态 

分 类 号：E295.2[军事—军事理论] K25[历史地理—历史学]