种植密度对皖北平原夏玉米抗倒和籽粒脱水特性的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Grain Dehydration Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize in Northern Anhui Plain

作　　者：兰岚 周玉姝 晏小凤 朱英华[1] 武德传[1] 王成雨[1] LAN Lan;ZHOU Yushu;YAN Xiaofeng;ZHU Yinghua;WU Dechuan;WANG Chengyu(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期827-834,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD030030006-04);安徽省重点研究和开发计划(201904a06020055)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确种植密度对皖北平原不同基因型夏玉米抗倒和籽粒脱水特性的影响。【方法】于2017年和2019年,以郑单958(Z)、粒收1号(L)、新单68(X)和创玉107(C)为材料,设置60000株/hm^(2)(D1)、75000株/hm^(2)(D2)和90000株/hm^(2)(D3)3个种植密度,测定各材料的茎秆抗倒特性、籽粒含水量和产量,调查倒伏率和达到籽粒机收标准的时间,综合评价种植密度与基因型互作对机收性状的影响。【结果】随着种植密度的增加,不同基因型玉米倒伏率显著升高,且D1增至D2所致倒伏风险低于D2增至D3;收获时籽粒含水量以及含水量降至28%所需时间均随种植密度的增加而显著降低;不同基因型玉米产量存在差异,由D1增加至D2产量显著增加,D2增加至D3产量变化不显著;基因型和种植密度对玉米宜机收性状综合评价值存在显著影响,品种间新单68最好,种植密度以D2最好,处理间以XD2最高。【结论】在75000株/hm^(2)条件下选用新单68可以提高皖北平原夏玉米机收质量。[Purpose]To clarify the effects of planting density on lodging resistance and grain dehydration characteristics of different genotypes of summer maize in Northern Anhui plain.[Methods]Four summer maize varieties,Zhengdan958(Z),Lishou No.1(L),Xindan68(X)and Chuangyu107(C)were used as test materials in 2017 and 2019,and three planting densities were set for 60000 plants/hm^(2)(D1),75000 plants/hm^(2)(D2),and 90000 plants/hm^(2)(D3).Bending resistance of stem,grain water content,and yield were measured,lodging rate and the time to reach the standard of grain mechanical harvest were investigated,and a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between planting density and different genotypes of summer maize with respect to machine harvesting traits was carried out.[Results]The lodging rate increased significantly with the increase of planting density,and the lodging risk from D1 to D2 was lower than that from D2 to D3.The grain water content and the time required to reduce the water content to 28%decreased significantly with the increase of planting density.There were significant differences in maize yield among different genotypes,the yield increased significantly from D1 to D2,but there was no significant change from D2 to D3.Genotype and planting density had significant effects on the comprehensive evaluation value of maize suitable for machine harvest.Xindan68 was the best among varieties,and D2 was the best in density level,and XD2 was the highest among treatments.[Conclusion]Under the condi-tion of 75000 plants/hm^(2),the selection of Xindan68 can improve the machine harvest quality of sum-mer maize in Northern Anhui plain.

关 键 词：种植密度 夏玉米 籽粒含水量 抗倒特性 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]