减氮对玉米黄草乌间作优势的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Intercropping Advantage of Maize and Aconitum vilmorinianum

作　　者：梅富鹏 黄之远 吴加香 寸梦壵 赵桂茹[1] 李世华 杨旺福 字淑慧[1,2,3] MEI Fupeng;HUANG Zhiyuan;WU Jiaxiang;CUN Mengzhuang;ZHAO Guiru;LI Shihua;YANG Wangfu;ZI Shuhui(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学,西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学,云南省药用植物生物学重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期890-896,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项(2017AB002,2018BB015,2018ZF011)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索高寒山区减氮对玉米黄草乌间作优势的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,种植模式为玉米间作黄草乌(2∶4),设常规施氮(IN,144.0 kg/hm^(2))、减氮20%(IN20,115.2 kg/hm^(2))、减氮40%(IN40,86.4 kg/hm^(2))和减氮60%(IN60,57.6 kg/hm^(2))4种施氮水平,并设置玉米单作和黄草乌单作2种种植方式,观测2种作物的产量、生长及品质指标。【结果】与单作相比,玉米黄草乌间作可明显提高间作优势,其土地当量比(LER)均大于1,且以IN和IN20的LER值最大;IN20的复合产量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比IN40和IN60提高21.6%和30.8%,但与IN差异不显著(P>0.05);IN20的产量净效应最高(2837.57 kg/hm^(2)),且与IN60差异显著(P<0.05),但与IN差异不显著(P>0.05)。间作对玉米生长的影响大于黄草乌,相较于IN处理,IN20和IN40的玉米株高显著增加(P<0.05),但各间作处理间的玉米茎粗及黄草乌生长指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同处理对黄草乌品质均有影响,其中,IN40的黄草乌浸出物含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),比IN、IN20和IN60分别提高13.4%、10.6%和5.6%;各处理间的总生物碱含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】减氮20%种植模式下,玉米间作黄草乌的优势明显,对黄草乌的品质影响较小,达到了既提高作物产量又减少化肥施用量的目的。[Purpose]To explore the effects of nitrogen reduction on the intercropping advantage of maize and Aconitum vilmorinianum in Alpine mountainous areas.[Methods]Using the field exper-iment method,taking the maize intercropping A.vilmorinianum(2∶4)as the planting mode,four ni-trogen application levels were set:conventional nitrogen application(IN,144.0 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen re-duction by 20%(IN20,115.2 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen reduction by 40%(IN40,86.4 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen re-duction by 60%(IN60,57.6 kg/hm^(2)),and maize monoculture(MS)and A.vilmorinianum monocul-ture(AS)were also set.[Results]Compared with monoculture,the intercropping advantage of maize and A.vilmorinianum was obviously improved;the land equivalent ratio(LER)was greater than one,and the maximum value was counted in IN and IN20.Compound yield of IN20 was signific-antly increased(P<0.05),21.6%and 30.8%higher than IN40 and IN60,respectively,but there was no significant difference with IN(P>0.05);the net yield effect of IN20 was 2837.57 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than IN60(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with IN(P>0.05).The effect of intercropping on maize growth was greater than that of A.vilmorinianum.Compared with IN,the maize plant height of IN20 and IN40 were increased significantly(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in maize stem diameter and A.vilmorinianum growth indexes among intercrop-ping treatments(P>0.05).Different treatments had effects on the quality of A.vilmorinianum.Among them,the extract content of A.vilmorinianum in IN40 was the highest,which was significantly differ-ent from other treatments(P<0.05),and it was 13.4%,10.6%and 5.6%higher than IN,IN20 and IN60,respectively.There was no significant difference of total alkaloids content among treatments(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Under the planting mode of reducing nitrogen by 20%,the intercropping advantage of maize and A.vilmorinianum is more obvious,and it has little impact on the quality of A.vilmorinianum,which achieves the purpose of increasing crop yiel

关 键 词：减氮 玉米 黄草乌 间作优势 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]