基于水足迹的北京市水资源开发利用演变特征分析  

Analysis of evolution characteristics of water resources development and utilization in Beijing based on water footprint

作　　者：徐晋轩 杨默远 潘兴瑶 朱永华 欧阳友[1,4] 王赫 XU Jinxuan;YANG Moyuan;PAN Xingyao;ZHU Yonghua;OUYANG You;WANG He(Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Resources and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048 [2]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [3]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [4]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《水资源保护》2022年第5期96-104,共9页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41830752,42071033);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510504,2019YFC0408703)。

摘　　要：考虑用水效率提升对不同时期用水定额的影响,核算了1988—2019年北京市水足迹变化过程,利用信息熵方法对比分析了实体水和水足迹用水结构的演变特征。结果表明:北京市实体水开发利用情势不断优化,呈现农业和工业用水量快速下降、生活和生态用水量显著增加的变化规律,形成了以生活用水保障为主、生态用水需求提升为辅的用水格局;北京市水足迹不断上升,商品贸易带来的虚拟水净输入极大缓解了北京市用水压力,但提高了北京市对虚拟水净输入的依赖程度,2015—2019年农业和工业虚拟水净输入在其水足迹中的占比都超过60%,水资源系统常年处于严重超载状态;实体水系统信息熵呈先增后减的态势,生活与生态用水已逐渐成为占绝对优势的用水类型,水足迹系统前期为熵增过程,随后趋于稳定,用水结构较为均衡。Considering the effect of water utilization efficiency improvement on water utilization quota in different periods,this study systematically analyzed the changing process of water footprint in Beijing from 1988 to 2019,and the information entropy was applied to quantitative assessment of water utilization structure of the real water and the water footprint.The results show that the development and utilization of real water in Beijing have been continuously optimized,with agricultural and industrial water consumptions decreasing rapidly and residential and ecological water consumption increasing significantly.A water consumption pattern has been formed,in which the guarantee of residential water consumption is placed in the first position,and the improvement of ecological water consumption is placed in the second position.The water footprint in Beijing is constantly increasing,and the virtual water net input induced by commodity trade greatly alleviates the pressure of water utilization in Beijing,but increases the dependence of Beijing on the virtual water net input,with the agricultural and industrial virtual water inputs accounting for more than 60% of their total water footprints from 2015 to 2019 and the water resources system being severely overloaded all year around.The information entropy of the real water system first increases and then decreases,residential and ecological water consumptions have become the dominant types of water utilization;the water footprint system experiences an entropy increase process in the earlier stage,then tends to be stable,with its water utilization structure reaching an equilibrium state.

关 键 词：水足迹 水资源开发利用 虚拟水 信息熵 用水结构 北京市 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]