高压降比例减压阀的特性分析与优化  

Characteristic analysis and optimization of high pressure drop proportional pressure reducing valve

作　　者：王晓凯 WANG Xiao-kai(Taiyuan Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Tiandi Coal Mining Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030006,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Coal Mining Machinery,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司,山西太原030006 [2]山西天地煤机装备有限公司,山西太原030006 [3]煤矿采掘机械装备国家工程实验室,山西太原030006

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第9期1227-1234,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：山西转型综合改革示范区科技创新项目(KY202063);山西天地煤机装备有限公司自立项目(M2021 ZD02)。

摘　　要：阀的参数匹配是否合适、结构是否合理,决定着所设计的比例减压阀是否能达到所需的性能要求。针对高压降比例减压阀在设计过程中的参数选择及结构优化等问题,对阀的基本性能、阶跃特性、电流压力特性及内部流动特性进行了研究。首先,通过理论计算,初步得到了阀的阀口遮盖量和极限工况时的开口量;基于阶跃特性对阻尼孔直径、弹簧刚度进行了选择,并得到了比例减压阀理论阶跃特性曲线与电流压力特性曲线;然后,对阀极限工况时的状态进行了分析,并对阀的结构进行了优化;最后,为精确显示阀的输入电流信号及输出压力波动,并检测其阶跃特性及电流压力特性,搭建了一套测试系统,对优化后的比例减压阀进行了测试检验。研究结果表明:在阻尼孔为2 mm、弹簧刚度为25 N/mm时,该减压阀有良好的阶跃特性及电流压力特性;合理增大阀体沉割槽直径,并在阀芯台阶处增加斜角、圆角,能够有效地改善该减压阀的性能。Whether the parameter matching of the valve was appropriate and the structure was reasonable determines whether the designed proportional pressure reducing valve could meet the required performance requirements.Aiming at the parameter selection and structure optimization of the high pressure drop proportional pressure reducing valve in the design process,the basic performance,step characteristics,current-pressure characteristics and internal flow characteristics of the valve were studied.Firstly,the amount of valve cover and the opening under the limit condition were obtained through the theoretical calculation.The damping hole diameter and spring stiffness were selected based on the step response characteristics,the theoretical step characteristic curve and the current-pressure characteristic curve of the proportional reducing valve were obtained.Then,the state of the valve under the extreme working conditions was analyzed,and the structure of the pressure reducing valve was optimized in view of the situation.Finally,in order to accurately display the valve's input current signal and output pressure fluctuations,and detect its step characteristics and current-pressure characteristics,a test system was built to test the optimized proportional pressure reducing valve.The experimental results show that when the damping hole is 2 mm and the spring stiffness is 25 N/mm,the pressure reducing valve has good step characteristics and current-pressure characteristics;reasonably increasing the diameter of the undercut groove of the valve body and increasing the bevel and fillet at the step of the valve core can effectively improve the performance of this pressure reducing valve.

关 键 词：液压传动装置 参数匹配 阶跃特性 电流压力特性 内部流动特性 结构优化 阻尼孔直径 弹簧刚度 

分 类 号：TH137.52[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]