洱海流域大蒜水肥综合调控模式及其节水减排效应  

Different Water-fertilizer Control Patterns of Garlic and Its Effect on Water Saving and Emission Reduction in the Lake Erhai Watershed

作　　者：杨明 张博超 顾世祥 韩焕豪 高蓉 崔远来[1] YANG Ming;ZHANG Bo-chao;GU Shi-xiang;HAN Huan-hao;GAO Rong;CUI Yuan-lai(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation,Design and Research,Kunming 650021,China;Faculty of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 65003,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院,昆明650021 [3]昆明理工大学农业与食品学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第9期55-60,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：科技入滇项目“高原湖滨灌区农业节水与农田面源污染治理模式与示范”。

摘　　要：为了探究洱海流域大蒜田适宜的水肥综合调控模式及其节水减排效应,在农业农村部环境保护科研监测所大理综合实验站开展了大蒜水肥调控模式试验。试验设常规灌溉(W0)、节水灌溉(W1)2种灌水水平;常规施肥(N0)、减少15%氮肥(N1)、减少30%氮肥(N2)3种施氮肥水平,共计6个处理。结果表明:与W0相比,W1处理在不对大蒜产量造成大幅减产的前提下平均节水31.09%,总氮流失量减少51.15%、总磷流失量44.25%,作物水分利用效率提高3.07%;同一灌溉模式下N1处理的大蒜产量较N0处理减少4.31%,差异不显著,总氮流失量减少35.73%,总磷流失量减少2.68%,作物水分利用效率减少3.23%,差异不显著;N2处理下大蒜产量显著降低,较N0处理减少30.59%,总氮流失量减少42.89%,总磷流失量减少2.71%,作物水分利用效率减少28.93%。总氮、总磷流失中通过地表径流流失分别占6.68%、12.51%,淋溶流失分别占93.32%、87.49%,即总氮、总磷流失均以淋溶流失为主。综合考虑节水、产量以及减排效应,N1施氮量并以田间持水率的70%为灌水下限,灌水上限为田间持水率的节水灌溉模式是该地区较优水肥管理模式。In order to explore the suitable comprehensive water-fertilizer regulation mode and its water-saving and emission reduction effect in garlic field in Erhai Basin,an experiment of garlic water and fertilizer regulation mode is carried out in Dali Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment.Two irrigation levels are set up:conventional irrigation(W0)and water-saving irrigation(W1);Conventional fertilization(N0),15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(N1)and 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(N2),a total of 6treatments.The results show that compared with W0,W1 treatment saved 31.09% of irrigation water,51.15% of total nitrogen loss and44.25% of total phosphorus loss decreases,and crop water use efficiency increases by 3.07%.Under the same irrigation mode,the garlic yield of N1 treatment decreases by 4.31% compared with N0 treatment,the difference is not significant,the total nitrogen loss decreases by35.73%,the total phosphorus loss decreases by 2.68%,and the crop water use efficiency decreases by 3.23%.Under N2 treatment,garlic yield decreases significantly by 30.59%,total nitrogen loss by 42.89%,total phosphorus loss by 2.71% and crop water use efficiency by28.93%.In the total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss,the loss through surface runoff accounts for 6.68% and 12.51% respectively,and the leaching loss accounts for 93.32% and 87.49% respectively,that is,the leaching loss is the main loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.Considering the effects of water saving,yield and emission reduction,N1 nitrogen application rate and the water-saving irrigation mode with70% of field water holding rate as the lower irrigation limit and the upper irrigation limit as field water holding rate is the better water-fertilizer management mode in this area.

关 键 词：洱海流域 蒜田 水肥模式 节水效应 氮素流失 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]