太阳能水蒸发PVA/炭黑/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及性能研究  

Study on the preparation and property of solar water evaporation PVA/carbon black/PUR composite material

作　　者：张灿英[1] 张丽 赵辰 王友勋 李晨 Zhang Canying;Zhang Li;Zhao ChenWang;YouxunLi Chen(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao266042)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学材料科学与工程学院,青岛266042

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2022年第8期111-116,共6页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51872151)。

摘　　要：以聚酯海绵为基体,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶将炭黑颗粒负载到海绵骨架表面,以炭黑作为光热材料,制备了高效太阳能水蒸发PVA/炭黑/聚氨酯复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光近红外分光光度计、傅里叶红外变换光谱、红外热像仪和人工太阳模拟器,探究了样品的微观结构光吸收、亲水性、光热性能以及水蒸发性能。结果表明:所制备的PVA/炭黑/聚氨酯复合材料具有多级孔结构及优异的亲水性和光热性能,在紫外和可见光范围内光吸收率最高可超过95%,在近红外范围内光吸收率最高可超过90%,在一个太阳辐照下(1kW/m^(2))水蒸发速率最高达到了1.65kg/(m^(2)·h)。Highly efficient solar water evaporation polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/carbon black/polyurethane(PUR)composite materials were prepared by using PUR sponge as matrix,and loading carbon black particles on the surface of sponge framework with PVA hydrogel.Carbon black particles served as photothermal conversion materials.The microstructure,optical absorption and hydrophilic properties,photothermal conversion and solar evaporation performances of the samples were studied with scanning electron microscope,ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer,fourier transform infrared spectroscope,thermal infrared imager and solar simulator.The results shown that the as-prepared materials had hierarchical porous structure and excellent hydrophilic and photothermal conversion properties.The maximum absorptivity in ultraviolet-visible and near infrared regions exceeded 95%and 90%,respectively.Under one-sun irradiation(1 kW/m~2),the water evaporation rate reached 1.65 kg/(m~2·h).

关 键 词：太阳能水蒸发 炭黑 聚乙烯醇 聚氨酯海绵 

分 类 号：TK511.3[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]