低技能劳动力职业能力开发比较研究——新加坡、韩国、日本的实践轨迹  

Comparative Study on Vocational Ability Development of Low Skilled Labors:The Practice of Singapore,Korea and Japan

作　　者：张学英 耿旭 张东 Zhang Xueying;Geng Xu;Zhang Dong(Economic and Management College of Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523830;Central China Normal University;Dongguan City College)

机构地区：[1]东莞理工学院经济与管理学院,东莞523830 [2]华中师范大学 [3]东莞城市学院城建与环境学院

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2022年第16期65-72,共8页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学“十四五”规划2021年度项目“后脱贫时代低技能劳动者技能形成研究”(GD21CJY20),主持人:张学英。

摘　　要：低技能劳动力是受教育水平低、职业技能水平低、工资收入水平低且处于次要劳动力市场的劳动者。由于产业转型升级对低技能劳动力的需求从数量向质量转型,再加上劳动者本身要实现从次要劳动力市场向主要劳动力市场的就业迭代,低技能劳动力的职业能力开发问题被各国高度重视。追溯新加坡、韩国、日本针对四类低技能劳动力群体实施职业能力开发的实践轨迹发现:中国的低技能劳动力涵盖以农民工为主体的绝对低技能群体和相对低技能群体;其职业能力开发对技术进步至关重要,故政府的作用不可或缺;要通过明晰的职业生涯发展规划把低技能劳动力纳入未来技能的就业领域,营造终身学习氛围。Low skilled labors are people in the secondary labor market with lower level of education,vocational skills and wage,who are characterized by lower level of human capital,position,welfare level,poor job stability and high consumption tendency.They can be divided into four groups:those with lower level of human capital stock in absolute quantity,those with lower level of human capital in relative quantity faced with middle-aged transfer,those elderly labors with reduction in human capital stock,and those with higher level of education but lower level vocational skills.Vocational ability development of low skilled labors is highly valued by all countries for the demand for low skilled labors has been experiencing transformation from quantity to quality with the industrial transformation,and low skilled labors want to migrate successfully from the secondary labor market to the main one.Conclusions and inspirations are drawn as follows on the basis of tracing back the practice of vocational ability development in Singapore,South Korea and Japan:Firstly,the low skilled labors should cover those with lower level of human capital stock in both absolute and relative quantity and migrant workers are the main body in China;secondly,the vocational ability development is a key issue to the technological progress,and thus the government need to play an indispensable role in it;thirdly,low skilled labors should be guided into future skills through clear career development planning,and a lifelong learning atmosphere need to be created at the same time.

关 键 词：低技能劳动力 职业能力开发 人力资本投资 技能形成 

分 类 号：G975[文化科学]