长山群岛海域真核微藻粒级结构及扇贝摄食选择性  

Particle size structure of eukaryotic microalgae and feeding selectivity of scallops in the waters of Changshan Islands

作　　者：宋伦[1] 宋广军[1] 吴金浩[1] 杨国军[2] 刘印 刘苏萱 SONG Lun;SONG Guangjun;WU Jinhao;YANG Guojun;LIU Yin;LIU Suxuan(Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology,Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,海洋生物资源与生态学重点实验室,大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学,大连116023

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第16期6838-6852,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：辽宁省‘兴辽英才计划’项目(XLYC1907109);大连市杰出青年科技人才项目(2019RJ09);现代农业体系建设专项(CARS-49)。

摘　　要：采用高通量测序-分子鉴定分级技术于2019年对长山群岛全海域真核微藻粒级结构进行了研究。结果发现,春季以中(47%)、小粒级(41%)为主,夏季以小(39%)、大粒级(38%)为主,秋季以大粒级(60%)为主,春、夏、秋季小、中、大粒级微藻比例为42∶47∶11、39∶23∶38、22∶18∶60。小粒级微藻优势种为细小微胞藻(Micromonas pusilla)、融合微胞藻(Micromonas commoda)和金牛微球藻(Ostreococcus tauri),中粒级微藻优势种为剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)、大粒级微藻优势种为柔弱几内亚藻(Guinardia delicatula)、平野亚历山大藻(Alexandrium hiranoi)、多纹膝沟藻(Gonyaulax polygramma),综合整个真核微藻群落,春季由中粒径的剧毒卡尔藻占据优势(23.9%),夏季由大粒径的平野亚历山大藻占据优势(29.4%),秋季由大粒径的多纹膝沟藻占据优势(66.8%),有毒甲藻在该海域中占有绝对优势,贝毒累积风险较高,小粒径微藻中金牛微球藻和抑食金球藻曾在渤海引发褐潮,潜在威胁该海域贝类养殖业。虾夷扇贝对小粒级和大粒级微藻的选择性较低,对中粒级微藻的选择性较高,尤其对水体中优势种剧毒卡尔藻一直表现出主动选择。光学需氧量、无机氮、溶解氧、石油类及部分重金属Cd、As、Hg影响着整个长山群岛海域真核微藻粒级结构时空演变。The Chang-shan Archipelago is the largest island group in the northern waters of the Yellow Sea.It significantly contributes to local economic development due to its abundant aquatic products.In recent years,economically important shellfish(scallops,oysters,and clams)have exhibited growth retardation,thinning,and increased mortality,which has affected the sustainable and healthy development of fisheries.Marine microalgae are the dominant food source for filter-feeding shellfish;they differ in size,physiological functions,and sedimentation rates,which greatly influence the regional ecosystem food web.The microalgae size-fractions are closely related to the nutrient reserves and healthy growth of filter-feeding shellfish.High-throughput sequencing technology can reveal highly diverse eukaryotic lineages,while significantly reducing the errors associated with species identification,particularly microalgae.Importantly,the microalgae composition can be ascertained at multiple taxonomic levels,including at the species level.However,some questions still remain regarding their quantitative estimates.As the number of rDNA copies varies widely among different eukaryotes,it is difficult to determine the abundance of eukaryotic microalgae from rDNA CN-based inferences in environmental samples.However,related studies have demonstrated a significant positive correlation between rDNA sequence polymorphisms and rDNA copy numbersrate.When the size of the cell varies in a population,the rRNA/rDNA quantity reflects the biomass of that population.In this study,the proportion of rDNA copy numbers of eukaryotic microalgae was used to characterize their size distribution(the proportion of pico-,nano-,and microphytoplankton).In aquatic ecosystems,the factors controlling phytoplankton production and their seasonal successions are the main items of phytoplankton ecology.Several factors are linked to the growth and size-fraction structure of phytoplankton,such as the availability of light,temperature,nutrients,competition,and parasitism.Th

关 键 词：真核微藻 粒级结构 环境因素 摄食选择 长山群岛海域 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]