草鱼幼鱼常规转弯过程的游泳动力特征分析  

Analysis of swimming dynamic characteristics of juvenile grass carp during routine turning

作　　者：黄慧玲 胡晓[1,2] 张奔 杨国党 龙泽宇 石小涛[1,2] HUANG Huiling;HU Xiao;ZHANG Ben;YANG Guodang;LONG Zeyu;SHI Xiaotao(Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;Survey and Design Institute of Shanghai,Shanghai 200050,China;Huaneng Tibet Yarlungzangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co.Ltd,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地,湖北宜昌443002 [3]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200050 [4]华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司,西藏拉萨850008

出　　处：《实验力学》2022年第4期561-572,共12页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679126,51609125);国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201703)。

摘　　要：为研究幼鱼在常规转弯过程中的推、阻力形成过程,本文以草鱼幼鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为研究对象,利用PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)对转弯过程中“C”形弯曲阶段和回摆阶段幼鱼鱼体周身的压力分布,以及分别由流体正、负压形成的推、阻力和侧向力变化规律进行分析。结果表明:草鱼幼鱼在整个转弯过程中平均能产生118.05μN的推力,其中53.99%来源于尾部,鱼体受到的平均阻力达到99.16μN,鱼体中部产生的阻力占比高达54.70%。在“C”形弯曲阶段,幼鱼周身分布的流体负压产生的推力占比达61.56%,是主要的推力形成来源,此时侧向力增大为幼鱼鱼体转弯提供必要的向心力以完成大部分的转弯动作,草鱼幼鱼做加速运动;在回摆阶段,草鱼幼鱼周身流体正压产生的推力占比高达73.80%,此时侧向力迅速减小为0,然后上升以阻止鱼体的继续转动,幼鱼做减速运动。In order to study the formation of thrust and resistance of juveniles in the course of conventional turning,this paper took grass carp juveniles(Ctenopharyngodon idella)as the research object,and used PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)to record the C-shaped bending and swing-back stage juveniles during the turning process.The fluid pressure around the fish body and the changing laws of pushing,resistance and lateral force formed by the positive and negative fluid pressures were analyzed.The results show that the juvenile grass carp can produce an average thrust of 118.05μN during the entire turning process,of which 53.99%comes from the tail.While,the average resistance of the fish body reaches 99.16μN,of which the resistance generated in the middle of the fish body accounts for 54.70%.In the C-shaped bending stage,the thrust generated by the negative fluid pressure distributed around the juvenile body accounts for 61.56%,which is the main source of thrust formation.At this time,the lateral force increases to provide the necessary centripetal force for the juvenile fish body to turn.After completing most of the turning movements,the juvenile grass carp accelerates;in the swing phase,the thrust generated by the positive pressure of the grass carp juvenile body is as high as 73.80%.At this time,the lateral force rapidly decreases to 0 and then rises to stop the fish.The body continues to rotate,and the juvenile fish slows down.

关 键 词：PIV 转弯 流体压力 推力 阻力 侧向力 

分 类 号：Q811.6[生物学—生物工程]