2016—2018年夏季渤海浮游生物和大型底栖动物多样性与优势种的时空变化研究  

Temporal and spatial variations of biodiversity and dominant species of plankton and macrobenthos in the Bohai Sea between summer of 2016-2018

作　　者：沙婧婧 刘欣禹 鲍萌萌 齐衍萍[1,2] 杜小媛 刘霜 张继民[1,2] SHA Jingjing;LIU Xinyu;BAO Mengmeng;QI Yanping;DU Xiaoyuan;LIU Shuang;ZHANG Jimin(North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewaming and Protection of Bohai Sea,MNR,Qingdao 266033,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东青岛266033 [2]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第3期268-280,共13页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFC1402305);自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室开放基金项目(2022205)。

摘　　要：浮游生物和大型底栖动物参与水体营养物循环,影响着污染物的迁移转化与沉积物的稳定性,对海洋生态系统的能流和物流起着至关重要的作用。为系统了解渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物多样性与优势种的时空变化状况,本研究以生态监测调查结果为依据,站位重点布设在渤海海域重要的河口、海湾、海岛周边海域以及渤海中部海域,同时结合相关历史资料,对渤海海域的浮游生物和大型底栖动物的种类组成、密度、生物多样性指数、优势种等的变化趋势进行了分析。从2016—2018年浮游植物的细胞密度空间分布可以看出,细胞密度均值在滦河口-北戴河海域相对较高,而在锦州湾、莱州湾和庙岛群岛海域相对偏低。渤海浮游植物多样性在各调查海域之间相差不大,但渤海湾海域的浮游植物多样性呈现明显的逐年下降趋势。浮游动物细胞密度在滦河口-北戴河海域相对偏高,其余各海域差别不大。2016—2018年,浮游动物多样性在双台子河口、渤海湾、黄河口海域明显增加,大型底栖动物群落物种数在渤海湾、黄河口、莱州湾和庙岛群岛均呈减少趋势,大型底栖动物多样性在锦州湾、滦河口-北戴河的水平偏低,在渤海湾有所下降,耐污能力较强的多毛类成为目前渤海近岸海域大型底栖动物最主要的优势类群。通过与历史数据对比可知,2014-2018年,渤海浮游植物及浮游动物的群落种类数、密度、多样性指数总体变化不大,主要优势种基本一致,但大型底栖动物种类数、生物量和密度总体上呈减少趋势,主要优势种类由软体动物转变为环节动物多毛类。本研究丰富了渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物群落的研究,并为渤海生态系统的健康评价与生物多样性保护提供了数据支持,对合理开发海洋生物资源具有一定的指导意义。Plankton and macrobenthos participate in the nutrient cycling in water bodies, affecting the migration and transformation of pollutants and the stability of sediments, and playing a vital role in the material and energy flows of the marine ecosystem. To systematically understand the temporal and spatial changes of plankton and macrobenthos biodiversity and dominant species in the Bohai Sea, the present study focused on the important estuaries, bays, sea areas around islands and the central sea area of the Bohai Sea and analyzed the variation trend of the species composition, density and dominant species, based on the results of ecological monitoring and related historical data. According to the spatial distribution of phytoplankton cell density from 2016 to 2018, the phytoplankton cell density in the Luanhe Estuary-Beidaihe was relatively high, while the Jinzhou Bay, the Laizhou Bay and the Miaodao Archipelago were relatively low. The results showed that from2016 to 2018, the phytoplankton biodiversity in each area of the Bohai Sea had little difference between different areas, while the total biodiversity in the Bohai Bay showed a significant trend of decreasing year-by-year. The biodiversity levels of zooplankton in the Shuangtaizi Estuary, the Bohai Bay and the Huanghe Estuary increased significantly from 2016 to 2018.The biodiversity levels in the Jinzhou Bay and the Luanhe Estuary-Beidaihe were relatively low compared with other areas.The biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Bohai Bay showed a drop. Polychaetes with excellent anti-pollution ability have become the most dominant group in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Compared with previous studies, the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in the Bohai Sea had little variation in species number, density,diversity index and dominant species from 2014 to 2018. While the species number, biomass and density of macrobenthos in the Bohai Sea showed a decreasing trend, and the dominant species gradually changed from mollusk to Annelida Polychaeta. It is of

关 键 词：渤海 浮游生物 大型底栖动物 生物多样性 优势种 空间分布 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学] Q178[天文地球—海洋科学]