2016—2020年防城港核电厂运行初期周边主要食品放射性水平与卫生学评估  

Evaluation on radioactivity level and hygiene of main foods around Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant during initial period of operation from 2016-2020

作　　者：赵新春[1] 冯兰英[1] 卢秀芳[1] 吴应宇[1] 谢萍[1] ZHAO Xin-chun;FENG Lan-ying;LU Xiu-fang;WU Ying-yu;XIE Ping(Institute for Radiation Hygiene Protection,Cuangxi Zhuang Aulonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prerention,Nanning Guangxi,530028,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心放射卫生防护所,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第16期2208-2212,2216,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科研项目(Z20190178)。

摘　　要：目的了解2016—2022年防城港核电站运行初期周边食品放射性水平。方法依据国家标准方法于2016—2020年采集以防城港核电站核岛为圆心,30公里为半径区域内的粮食、蔬菜、瓜果、海产品、禽肉、茶叶6大类13个品种79个样品进行分析并开展卫生学评估。结果人工放射性核素除^(137)Cs外,其余均未检出,^(137)Cs检出率为36.71%,检出范围为0.01~0.18 Bq/kg;天然放射性核素^(226)Ra检出率为92.41%,检出范围为0.02~3.65 Bq/kg,3份海虾中的^(226)Ra的放射性水平要高于全国海产调查水平;^(232)Th的检出率为84.81%,检出范围为0.03~9.25 Bq/kg,海鱼、花蟹和海虾中^(232)Th放射水平均高于全国海产放射性调查水平;^(40)K检出率为100.00%,检出范围为27.14~671.34 Bq/kg;^(238)U检出率为11.39%,仅在海贝类食品中检出,检出范围为0.14~0.94 Bq/kg。所研究人群摄入放射性核素的内辐射剂量在123.39~233.71μSv/a之间,大小顺序依次为学龄前幼童>儿童≈男青少年>女青少年>男成年>女成年。研究人群的一生癌症风险范围为(0.58~1.64)×10^(-5),大小顺序依次为男青少年>婴儿≈儿童>女青少年>男成年>女成年。结论所检食品的放射性核素水平均远低于国家标准限值。各类人群摄入放射性核素所致内辐射剂量要低于我国食品所致内剂量水平,对居民造成的剂量负担较小,对人体的健康不会造成影响。人群摄入放射性核素一生致癌风险远低于国际上的平均癌症风险值,基本可忽略不计。2016—2020年防城港核电厂运行初期未对周围主要食品的安全性造成明显影响,因食用食品引起放射性危害的可能性很小。Objective To investigate the radioactivity level of food around Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant in the early stage of operation from 2016-2020.Methods According to the national standard method,79 samples of 13 varieties of grain,vegetables,fruits,seafood,poultry meat and tea in six categories were collected from nuclear island of Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant within a radius of 30 kilometers from 2016-2020 for analysis and hygiene evaluation.Results All artificial radionuclides except ^(137)Cs were not detected,the detection rate of ^(137)Cs was 36.71%,and the detection range was from 0.01-0.18 Bq/kg.The detection rate of natural radionuclide ^(226)Ra was 92.41%,and the detection range was 0.02-3.65 Bq/kg,the radiation level of^(226)Ra in three shrimp samples was higher than the national marine survey level.The detection rate of^(232)Th was 84.81%,and the detection range was 0.03-9.25 Bq/kg,the radiation level of^(232)Th in marine fish,flower crab and shrimp was higher than the national radioactivity survey level.The detection rate of ^(40)K was 100.00%,and the detection range was 27.14-671.34 Bq/kg.The detection rate of ^(238)U was 11.39%,which was only detected in shellfish,and the detection range was 0.14-0.94 Bq/kg.The internal radiation dose of radionuclides ingested by the studied population was 123.39-233.71μSv/a,and the order was preschool children>child≈male adolescent>female adolescent>male adult>female adult.The lifetime cancer risk range of the studied population was(0.58-1.64)×10^(-5),and the order was male adolescent>infant≈child>female adolescent>male adult>female adult.Conclusion The level of radionuclide in the detected food is far lower than the national standard limit.The internal radiation dose caused by the intake of radionuclides by all kinds of people is lower than the level caused by food in China,the dose burden on residents is small,and the health of human body will not be affected.The lifetime carcinogenic risk caused by the intake of radionuclides is far lower than the inte

关 键 词：放射性水平 卫生学评估 放射性核素 年待积有效剂量 一生癌症风险 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]